Week 1

Question 1

Difference between “acute” and “chronic” conditions?

Answer 1

Acute conditions: severe, sudden (ex: heart attack)

Chronic conditions: long developing (ex: atherosclerosis)

Question 2

How do social determinants of health influence health?

Answer 2

Education – recognizing symptoms of a chronic condition

Finances – certain medications/aids are needed and if they aren’t covered chronic conditions can continue to get worse 

Housing – Poor housing conditions such as lack of safe drinking water/mold/overcrowding can lead to an increased risk of morbidity from chronic illnesses

Question 3

what is there a recent shift towards regarding the ICF model?

Answer 3

“biopsychosocial” approach = considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery

Question 4

Why use ICF?

Answer 4

More holistic (treatment of whole person, considering mental and social factors, rather than just symptoms of an illness) approach

1. Better health outcomes
2. More effective treatment based on individual needs
3. Assists health care practitioners in clinical decision making & treatment planning

Question 5

cardiovascular disease

Answer 5

NOT 1 condition

GROUP of disorders
 leading cause of death in Canada worldwide

Question 6

Heart disease

Answer 6

Any condition that affects structure/function of heart, group of conditions with different root causes (examples: heart failure, structural heart disease, heart rhythm disorders (arrythmias)

Question 7

Heart disease etiologies

Answer 7

1. High cholesterol levels
2. Impairments to blood circulation
3. Venous circulation
4. Diseases/disorders of heart

Question 8

Lifestyle changes to decrease heart disease

Answer 8

1. Diet
2. Exercise/P.E
3. Monitoring/education
4. Alcohol
5. Smoking
6. Drugs/substance abuse

Question 9

High cholesterol levels etiologies

Answer 9

1. Genetics
2. LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) – forms plaque on artery walls that blocks flow to heart/brain
3. Modifiable through diet/exercise

Question 10

Impairment to blood circulation etiologies

Answer 10

1. Arteriosclerosis
2. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
3. Hypertension (HTN)

Question 11

Arteriosclerosis vs Atherosclerosis

Answer 11

Arteriosclerosis = when blood vessel is thick and hard, poor flexibility possibly resulting in occlusion of arteries (causation examples: smoking, fatty tissue deposits)

Atherosclerosis = a SPECIFIC TYPE of Arteriosclerosis, buildup of substances on artery walls

Question 12

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Answer 12

blood circulation disorder caused by narrowed/blocked blood vessel that most commonly affects legs + feet,

may affect any blood vessel outside heart (arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels)

which then can affect other organs that are supplied by these vessels (brain, kidneys)

Question 13

Hypertension

Answer 13

blood pressure in arteries rise causing heart to work harder than normal to pump blood through vessels, major risk factor for heart disease

Question 14

Venous Circulation etiologies

Answer 14

1. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
2. Deep Venous Thrombosis

Question 15

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Answer 15

leg veins don’t allow blood (poor venous blood return) to flow back up to your heart,

may be caused by clot in veins (DVT, valve disease)

resulting in tissue edema, necrosis, skin atrophy, pain during walking, ulcers

Question 16

Deep Venous Thrombosis

Answer 16

clot (thrombosis) develops in veins of lower extremities

resulting in pain, swelling, deep muscle tenderness, risk factors being post-surgical immobility and aging

Question 17

Coronary artery disease

Answer 17

reduced blood flow to heart

Question 18

Myocarditis

Answer 18

inflammatory disease of heart muscle

Question 19

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 19

heart becomes weakened/enlarged

Question 20

Endocarditis

Answer 20

infection of endocardium & heart valves

Question 21

Valve disorders

+ examples

Answer 21

problems with flow of blood through heart

(Stenosis {blockage}, Regurgitation/valvular insufficiency)

Question 22

Arrhythmias

Answer 22

irregularities in electric conduction system of heart

(tachycardia, bradycardia,
atrial fibrillation – most common, ventricular fibrillation – life threatening emergency, heart block)

Question 23

Cardiac shock

Answer 23

any condition which causes blood pressure to drop too low to sustain life, life – threatening

Question 24

Congenital heart defects

Answer 24

anatomical defects of the heart for reasons of genetic, environmental and chromosomal changes, often require surgical correction