Week 6 - Urinary System

Question 1

Urinary System Functions (5)

Answer 1

Excretion, regulation of blood volume and pressure, regulation of the solute concentration in the blood, regulation of pH levels of the extracellular fluid, regulation of red blood cell synthesis

Question 2

Location of the kidneys

Answer 2

Lie either side of the vertebral column on the posterior abdominal cavity wall (T12-L3)

Question 3

Which kidney is higher and why?

Answer 3

Left.

The Liver is superior to the right kidney and pushes it down.

Question 4

4 layers of the kidney

Answer 4

Renal capsule
Layer of adipose tissue
Renal fascia
Final layer of adipose tissue

Question 5

Hilum of the kidney

Answer 5

Opening where the renal artery and nerves enter and renal vein and ureter exit

Question 6

Renal sinus

Answer 6

Cavity that opens after the hilum filled with connective and adipose tissue

Question 7

Kidney as an outer ______ and inner _______

Answer 7

Cortex, medulla

Question 8

Nephron

Answer 8

Functional unit of the kidney

Question 9

How many nephrons in the kidney?

Answer 9

1.3 million in each kidney

Question 10

4 components of the nephron

Answer 10

Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 11

Function of the collecting ducts of the kidney

Answer 11

Connects to several DCT and carries fluid from cortex to medulla and empties into the papillary duct

Question 12

Papillary duct of the kidney

Answer 12

After the collecting ducts and empties renal filtrate now ‘urine’ into the minor calyx

Question 13

Flow through the kidneys (12) starts renal corpuscle and ends at the urethra

Answer 13

1. Renal corpuscle
2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
3. Loop of Henle (descending limb then ascending
   limb)
4. Distal convoluted Tubule (DCT)
5. Collecting Duct
6. Papillary Duct
7. Minor Calyx
8. Major Calyx
9. Renal Pelvis
10. Ureter
11. Urinary Bladder
12. Urethra

Question 14

Renal corpuscle has two components

Answer 14

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

Question 15

Glomerulus

Answer 15

Network of capillaries which receives blood from the afferent arteriole and exits at the efferent arteriole

Question 16

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 16

Capsule that surrounds the glomerulus, where fluid is filtered from the capillaries and into the PCT

Question 17

Juxtaglomerular apparatus function

Answer 17

Secretes renin which assists with the regulation of blood pressure and formation of filtrate

Question 18

Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 18

Smooth muscle cells forming an arrangement around the afferent arteriole at the entry point to the glomerulus

Question 19

Macula Densa

Answer 19

Between the afferent and efferent arteriole lies a section of the DCT which in this section contain specialised cells

Question 20

Epithelium in the PCT and DCT

Answer 20

Simple cuboidal

Question 21

Epithelium in the Loop of Henle

Answer 21

Thick portions - simple cuboidal
Thin portions - simple squamous

Question 22

Which convoluted tubule is longer? PCT or DCT?

Answer 22

PCT

Question 23

Renal blood supply from Aorta, through the kidneys and ends at the inferior vena cava

Answer 23

Aorta, Renal artery, Segmental artery, Interlobar artery, Arcuate artery, Cortical radiate artery, Afferent arteriole, Glomerulus (cappilaries), Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries or vasa recta, Cortical radiate vein, Arcuate vein, Interlobar vein, Renal vein, Inferior vena cava