Week 10 - Adolescents and Adulthood

Question 1

Define pre-adolescence

Answer 1

Life before adolescence

Question 2

Adolescence

Answer 2

Between childhood and adulthood (10-18)

Question 3

Adulthood years

Answer 3

20-death

Question 4

Young adult years

Answer 4

20-40

Question 5

Middle age

Answer 5

40-65

Question 6

Older adult

Answer 6

65 years to death

Question 7

What happens during adolescence

Answer 7

Sexual maturity, body systems reach maturity

Question 8

What grows faster from 1 year to puberty? Legs or trunk?

Answer 8

Legs

Question 9

What grows faster during adolescence? Legs or trunk?

Answer 9

Trunk

Question 10

What is peak height velocity and when is it?

Answer 10

Maximum rate of growth in stature and at puberty

Question 11

Why are men predominantly taller than females? (2)

Answer 11

Males experience roughly 2 more years of adolescent growth and testosterone increases Ca2+ deposition which results in more bone growth

Question 12

Mid growth spurt in childhood occurs at what years mostly in males?

Answer 12

6.5-8.5 years old

Question 13

Growth can increase into 20s for males, how many cm annually can this be?

Answer 13

1cm

Question 14

Bone martrix consists of what % organic and inorganic substances

Answer 14

35% organic and 65% inorganic

Question 15

What organic substances makes up the 35% in the bone matrix and whats its function?

Answer 15

Organic - Collagen and Proteoglycans and it helps with flexible strength

Question 16

What organic substances makes up the 65% in the bone matrix and whats its function?

Answer 16

Inorganic - Minerals = calcium and phosphate and it helps with weight-bearing strength

Question 17

Three types of bone cells and their functions

Answer 17

Osteoblast - Bone forming
Osteoclast - Bone destroying through reabsorption or break-down
Osteocyte - A cell in fully formed bone

Question 18

What is the epiphyseal plate

Answer 18

The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of cartilage that lies between the epiphyses and metaphyses, and is where the growth of long bones takes place

Question 19

4 zones of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 19

Zone of resting, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification

Question 20

Zone of resting

Answer 20

Chondrocytes do not divide

Question 21

Zone of proliferation

Answer 21

Chondrocytes produce new cartilage

Question 22

Zone of hypertrophy

Answer 22

Chondrocytes produced in the zone of proliferation enlarge and mature

Question 23

Zone of calcification

Answer 23

Hypertrophied chondrocytes die, blood vessels
from the diaphysis grow, osteoblasts deposit new
bone matrix

Question 24

Point out the 4 zones of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 24

Good job

Question 25

How does articular cartilage grow?

Answer 25

Similar to inside the bone, inner cartilage calcifies and ossifies, when it reaches full size bone stops replacing cartilage

Question 26

Where are osteoblasts and osteoclasts depositing and reabsorbing within bone in childhood and adolescence

Answer 26

Osteoblasts deposit on the outer surface

Osteoclasts reabsorb bone on the inner surface

Question 27

Where is the red bone marrow in juviniles and yellow bone marrow in adults?

Answer 27

Medullary cavity within the bone

Question 28

What is somatotyping?

Answer 28

System of classifying body types in terms of three categories: endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy

Question 29

Define each somatotype

Answer 29

Endomorph - relative fatness

Mesomorph - muscular build

Ectomorph - slender build