Week 10 - Adolescents and Adulthood Flashcards
Define pre-adolescence
Life before adolescence
Adolescence
Between childhood and adulthood (10-18)
Adulthood years
20-death
Young adult years
20-40
Middle age
40-65
Older adult
65 years to death
What happens during adolescence
Sexual maturity, body systems reach maturity
What grows faster from 1 year to puberty? Legs or trunk?
Legs
What grows faster during adolescence? Legs or trunk?
Trunk
What is peak height velocity and when is it?
Maximum rate of growth in stature and at puberty
Why are men predominantly taller than females? (2)
Males experience roughly 2 more years of adolescent growth and testosterone increases Ca2+ deposition which results in more bone growth
Mid growth spurt in childhood occurs at what years mostly in males?
6.5-8.5 years old
Growth can increase into 20s for males, how many cm annually can this be?
1cm
Bone martrix consists of what % organic and inorganic substances
35% organic and 65% inorganic
What organic substances makes up the 35% in the bone matrix and whats its function?
Organic - Collagen and Proteoglycans and it helps with flexible strength
What organic substances makes up the 65% in the bone matrix and whats its function?
Inorganic - Minerals = calcium and phosphate and it helps with weight-bearing strength
Three types of bone cells and their functions
Osteoblast - Bone forming
Osteoclast - Bone destroying through reabsorption or break-down
Osteocyte - A cell in fully formed bone
What is the epiphyseal plate
The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of cartilage that lies between the epiphyses and metaphyses, and is where the growth of long bones takes place
4 zones of the epiphyseal plate
Zone of resting, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification
Zone of resting
Chondrocytes do not divide
Zone of proliferation
Chondrocytes produce new cartilage
Zone of hypertrophy
Chondrocytes produced in the zone of proliferation enlarge and mature
Zone of calcification
Hypertrophied chondrocytes die, blood vessels
from the diaphysis grow, osteoblasts deposit new
bone matrix
Point out the 4 zones of the epiphyseal plate
Good job
How does articular cartilage grow?
Similar to inside the bone, inner cartilage calcifies and ossifies, when it reaches full size bone stops replacing cartilage
Where are osteoblasts and osteoclasts depositing and reabsorbing within bone in childhood and adolescence
Osteoblasts deposit on the outer surface
Osteoclasts reabsorb bone on the inner surface
Where is the red bone marrow in juviniles and yellow bone marrow in adults?
Medullary cavity within the bone
What is somatotyping?
System of classifying body types in terms of three categories: endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy
Define each somatotype
Endomorph - relative fatness
Mesomorph - muscular build
Ectomorph - slender build
