Week 5 - Muscular system

Question 1

Primary function of the muscular system

Answer 1

Produce movement in the body

Question 2

Other functions of the muscular system

Answer 2

▪ Constriction of organs and vessels
▪ Cardiac contraction
▪ Respiration
▪ Postural maintenance
▪ Body heat production

Question 3

3 types of muscle

Answer 3

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle

Question 4

2 striated muscle types

Answer 4

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 5

2 involuntary muscle types

Answer 5

Cardiac and smooth

Question 6

4 building blocks of muscle, largest to smallest

Answer 6

Muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilaments

Question 7

What is a section of a myofibril called

Answer 7

sarcomere

Question 8

3 layers of skeletal muscle connective tissue layers

Answer 8

Epimysium (surrounds muscle), perimysium (surrounds muscle fiber bundle), endomysium (surrounds muscle fiber)

Question 9

Skeletal muscle organelles (6)

Answer 9

Sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubule, sarcoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus

Question 10

Sarcolemma location and function

Answer 10

Location: On the cell membrane of muscle, fuses with tendon which fuses with bone

Function: Assists with action potentials along muscle, transports metabolites in and out of cell

Question 11

Sarcoplasmic reticulum location and function

Answer 11

Location: Network of tubules run along and around myofibrils

Function: storage site for calcium

Question 12

Transverse tubules location and function

Answer 12

Location: Extension of sarcolemma that pass laterally through cell

Function: Allow action potentials to be transmitted into the myofribrils

Question 13

Names of fast and slow twitch muscle fibers

Answer 13

Slow - Type 1 (slow oxidative fibers) (SO)

Fast - Type 2a (fast oxidative glycolytic fibers) (FOG)

&

Type 2b (Fast glycolytic fibers) (FG)

Question 14

What colour are Type 2a muscle fibers and why

Answer 14

White as they don’t need oxygen-rich blood to create fast energy

Question 15

Sliding filament model/theory

Answer 15

Interaction of myofilaments cause muscle contraction and shortening

Question 16

Myosin

Answer 16

Thick filaments are bundles of myosin molecules

Question 17

What does each globular head of myosin have

Answer 17

Myosin ATPase site and an Actin binding site

Question 18

Actin

Answer 18

Thin filaments are paried chains of actin molecules each with a myosin binding site

Question 19

Brown strands that wrap around Actin

Answer 19

Tropomyosin

Question 20

Troponin

Answer 20

Holds tropomyosin in place

Question 21

What prevents myosin from binding to the myosin binding sites on actin

Answer 21

Tropomyosin covers the binding sites and troponin holds tropomyosin in place

Question 22

What is the key to unlock troponin

Answer 22

Calcium

Question 23

Where is calcium stores in the muscle

Answer 23

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

Cross-bridge

Answer 24

Attachment of myosin to Actin

Question 25

What is the energy molecule in the body?

Answer 25

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 26

ATP turns into what when ATPase comes along

Answer 26

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Energy

Question 27

Stages of sliding filament theory

Answer 27

1. Exposure of Active sites
2. Cross-Bridge formation
3. Power stroke
4. Cross-Bridge release
5. ATP to ADP and P
6. Recovery stroke
   Cross bridge cycling will occur again if Calcium is still connected to troponin

Question 28

Without ATP what occurs and an example

Answer 28

Myosin and actin remain bound

In rigor mortis, the muscles stiffen because there is no ATP to release the bond

Question 29

Functions that require ATP within the muscle

Answer 29

Power stroke
Release of myosin from actin after power stroke
Transporting calcium back to sarcoplasmic reticulum