Week 3 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Spirometry
Measure of lung function
Primary function of the respiration system
Respiration ;)
Exchange of O2 and CO2 across a membrane
Steps of respiration (4)
- Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere and alveoli in the lungs
- External respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
- Transport of O2 and CO2 by the blood between the lungs and the tissues
- Internal Respiration: Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells
Additional functions of Respiration (5)
Regulation of blood pH through altering blood CO2 levels
Production of chemical mediators - lungs produce an enzyme that can assist in regulating blood pressure
Voice production
Olfaction - sense of smell
Protection - can prevent some microorganisms from entering the body
Thoracic Cavity
Space within the thoracic wall and diaghragm
Diaphragm
Skeletal Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
Thoracic Wall
Thoracic Vertebra = 12 Ribs Costal cartilage Sternum Associated muscles
Muscles involved in inspiration (SPEDS)
Diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoralis major, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid
Muscles involved in forced expiration (AI)
Abdominal muscles, internal intercostals
Lungs surface area
50-100m2
Lungs volume
4-6L
How many km of airway and capillaries in the lungs
airway - 2400km
capillaries - 960km
Pleura
The outer layers of the lungs
Function of the pleura
The parietal pleura anchors the lungs to the thoracic wall and pulls the visceral pleura with it during inspiration
Pleura fluid
Protection and acts as lubricant allowing pleura to slide during breathing
Hilum of the Lungs
Allows entry and exit for the primary bronchi, pulmonary arteries and veins
7 structures comprising the respiratory system in order starting with the external nose
Upper respiratory tract: External nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
Lower respiratory tract: Trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, lungs
Conducting zone starts at the trachea and ends at the ___________
Bronchioles
The respiratory zone starts at the ___________ ___________ and ends at the ________ ____
Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli sacs
Functions of the nose (5)
Passage for air, cleans the air, humidifies and warms the air, olfaction, voice sound
The voicebox
Larynx
Epiglottis
One of the cartilages of the Larynx, which prevents swallowed objects entering the lower respiratory tract
The windpipe
Trachea
What type of epithelium lines the trachea
Ciliated epithelium which helps move mucous and debris out
Tracheobronchial tree from start to finish
Trachea, main bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Bronchodilation occurs with when which branch of the ANS is activated
Sympathetic
Conducting zone functions (6)
- Air Transport
- Humidification
- Warming
- Particle Filtration
- Vocalisation
- Immunoglobulin secretion
How many alveoli does the lung contain
600 million
Pores of ____ and what does it do
Kohn. These allow gas exchange to adjacent alveoli and also releases surfactant
What is surfactant?
Reduces tension for easier alveolar inflation
Respiratory zone functions (4)
- Surfactant production
- Molecule activation and
inactivation - Blood clotting regulation
- Endocrine Function
