Week 3 - Respiratory System

Question 1

Spirometry

Answer 1

Measure of lung function

Question 2

Primary function of the respiration system

Answer 2

Respiration ;)

Exchange of O2 and CO2 across a membrane

Question 3

Steps of respiration (4)

Answer 3

1. Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere and alveoli in the lungs
2. External respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
3. Transport of O2 and CO2 by the blood between the lungs and the tissues
4. Internal Respiration: Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells

Question 4

Additional functions of Respiration (5)

Answer 4

Regulation of blood pH through altering blood CO2 levels

Production of chemical mediators - lungs produce an enzyme that can assist in regulating blood pressure

Voice production

Olfaction - sense of smell

Protection - can prevent some microorganisms from entering the body

Question 5

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 5

Space within the thoracic wall and diaghragm

Question 6

Diaphragm

Answer 6

Skeletal Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

Question 7

Thoracic Wall

Answer 7

Thoracic Vertebra = 12
Ribs
Costal cartilage
Sternum
Associated muscles

Question 8

Muscles involved in inspiration (SPEDS)

Answer 8

Diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoralis major, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid

Question 9

Muscles involved in forced expiration (AI)

Answer 9

Abdominal muscles, internal intercostals

Question 10

Lungs surface area

Answer 10

50-100m2

Question 11

Lungs volume

Answer 11

4-6L

Question 12

How many km of airway and capillaries in the lungs

Answer 12

airway - 2400km

capillaries - 960km

Question 13

Pleura

Answer 13

The outer layers of the lungs

Question 14

Function of the pleura

Answer 14

The parietal pleura anchors the lungs to the thoracic wall and pulls the visceral pleura with it during inspiration

Question 15

Pleura fluid

Answer 15

Protection and acts as lubricant allowing pleura to slide during breathing

Question 16

Hilum of the Lungs

Answer 16

Allows entry and exit for the primary bronchi, pulmonary arteries and veins

Question 17

7 structures comprising the respiratory system in order starting with the external nose

Answer 17

Upper respiratory tract: External nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

Lower respiratory tract: Trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, lungs

Question 18

Conducting zone starts at the trachea and ends at the ___________

Answer 18

Bronchioles

Question 19

The respiratory zone starts at the ___________ ___________ and ends at the ________ ____

Answer 19

Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli sacs

Question 20

Functions of the nose (5)

Answer 20

Passage for air, cleans the air, humidifies and warms the air, olfaction, voice sound

Question 21

The voicebox

Answer 21

Larynx

Question 22

Epiglottis

Answer 22

One of the cartilages of the Larynx, which prevents swallowed objects entering the lower respiratory tract

Question 23

The windpipe

Answer 23

Trachea

Question 24

What type of epithelium lines the trachea

Answer 24

Ciliated epithelium which helps move mucous and debris out

Question 25

Tracheobronchial tree from start to finish

Answer 25

Trachea, main bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 26

Bronchodilation occurs with when which branch of the ANS is activated

Answer 26

Sympathetic

Question 27

Conducting zone functions (6)

Answer 27

1. Air Transport
2. Humidification
3. Warming
4. Particle Filtration
5. Vocalisation
6. Immunoglobulin secretion

Question 28

How many alveoli does the lung contain

Answer 28

600 million

Question 29

Pores of ____ and what does it do

Answer 29

Kohn. These allow gas exchange to adjacent alveoli and also releases surfactant

Question 30

What is surfactant?

Answer 30

Reduces tension for easier alveolar inflation

Question 31

Respiratory zone functions (4)

Answer 31

1. Surfactant production
2. Molecule activation and
   inactivation
3. Blood clotting regulation
4. Endocrine Function