Week 2 - Oral Cavity

Question 1

Number of normal teeth

Answer 1

32

Question 2

2 types of digestion in the oral cavity

Answer 2

Mechanical and chemical

Question 3

How many large salivary glands are there in the oral cavity

Answer 3

3

Question 4

How many litres of saliva is secreted a day

Answer 4

1-1.5L

Question 5

Functions of saliva

Answer 5

Keeps oral cavity moist, suspension of food in solution that aids taste, begins digestion, protects

Question 6

Two types of enzymes secreted in the oral cavity that help with digestion

Answer 6

Salivary amylase

Lingual lipase

Question 7

Salivary amylase

Answer 7

Starch splitting enzyme which breaks down 3-5% of carbs

Question 8

Lingual lipase

Answer 8

digests small amounts of lipids

Question 9

An enzyme secreted to protect against bacteria

Answer 9

Lysozyme

Question 10

Three parts of the Pharynx

Answer 10

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

Question 11

Which 2/3 parts of the pharynx are associated with digestion

Answer 11

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

Question 12

Uvula/soft palate function

Answer 12

Stops food from entering nasopharynx

Question 13

Epiglottis function

Answer 13

Prevents food from entering Larynx/wind pipe

Question 14

Where is the Oesophagus located and how does it enter the diaphragm

Answer 14

Posterior to the trachea and enters the diaphragm through the hiatus (opening)

Question 15

How is food controlled entering into the oesophagus

Answer 15

The upper and lower oesophageal sphincters

Question 16

Phases of swallowing

Answer 16

1. Voluntary phase
2. Pharyngeal phase
3. Oesophageal phase

Question 17

What gives the stomach its large surface area to stretch

Answer 17

Submucosa and mucosa are folded (rugae), which assists with increasing its surface area and expands the stomach when it receives food

Question 18

Stomach secretions

Answer 18

Mucous, hydrochloric acid, enzymes and hormones

Question 19

Name the stomach enzymes secreted and what they do

Answer 19

Gastric lipase - breaks down fats/lipids

Pepsin - breaks down protein

Question 20

Name the hormone secreted by the stomach and what it does

Answer 20

Gastrin - increases gastric secretions

Question 21

How does the body regulate stomach secretions (3 phases)

Answer 21

Cephalic phase, Gastric phase, Intestinal phase

Question 22

Cephalic phase - stimuli and PNS action potentials caused

Answer 22

Stimuli - smell or taste food, chewing and swallowing or even the thought of food
PNS - Secretion of stomach mucosa, Increases chief and parietal cell secretion, stimulates secretion of gastrin

Question 23

Gastric phase - stimuli and PNS action potentials caused

Answer 23

Stimuli - Enlargement of the stomach, presence of protein

PNS - similar to cephalic phase

Question 24

Intestinal phase

Answer 24

Chyme entering the duodenum triggers the enterogastric reflex and reduces gastric secretions

Question 25

How long is the small intestine

Answer 25

~ 6 metres long

Question 26

3 parts of the small intestine and their lengths

Answer 26

Duodenum (25cm) Jejunum (2.5m) Ileum (3.5m)

Question 27

Where do most of the absorption occur in the small intestine

Answer 27

Jejunum

Question 28

What hormones does the small intestine secrete and what do they do

Answer 28

Cholecystokinin and Secretin | They decrease gastric secretions and stimulate liver and pancrease secretions

Question 29

What enzymes does the small intestine secrete and what do they do

Answer 29

Disaccharidases and peptidases | Assists the break down of food