Week 10 - part 2 adulthood and adolescence Flashcards
Define puberty and name 3 things that occur
The period of time in which secondary sex characteristics grow
Accelerated body growth, rapid growth of the gonads, increased production of gonadal hormones
What is secreted when Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone is released by the hypothalamus
Luteinizing hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone
What secretes LH and FSH
Anterior pituitary gland
What is the target tissue for both LH and FSH?
Gonads - ovaries and testes
What do LH and FSH do?
Promoting growth and function of the gonads, stimulates production of gametes and reproductive hormones
Estrogen
Growth of ovaries and secondary sex characteristics, stimulates fat deposition on hips, thighs, buttocks and breasts, stimulates GH = increase in height and pelvic widening, supresses FSH and LH
Progesterone
Secreted by the Corpus Luteum in the ovaries to prepare for fertilization, supresses FSH and LH
Inhibin
Supresses FSH
Puberty in females (3 critical stages)
Thelarche = breast development Pubarche = pubic and axillary hait growth Menarche = 1st episode of menstrual bleeding
What is a gamete
Sex cells (sperm cell or oocyte)
When do females have the maximum amount of oocytes or eggs?
Birth to puberty
Follicle development (4)
Primordial follicle -> Primary follicle -> secondary follicle (only some) -> Mature (Graafian) follicle
What happens at ovulation
Secondary oocyte is released.
Pregnancy - Granulosa cell turns into Corpus Luteum, secretes small amounts of progesterone and estrogen, remains active throughout pregnancy
Not fertilized - Granulosa cells turn into Corpus Luteum and then Corpus Albicans after 10-12 days
Phases of the menstrual cycle
Follicular phase (1-14) development of follicles, Luteal phase (14-28) existence of the corpus luteum
What day does ovulation occur
Mid-cycle day 14
Menses
Period, after the cycle
Where does FSH stimulate
Granulosa cells
What does LH stimulate
Theca interna cells
Mature follicles secrete what?
Inhibin which decreases FSH
Increased estrogen occurs when
Close to ovulation, positive feedback occurs on LH and FSH which causes a surge in both. Ovulation occurs.
After ovulation what happens to secretions?
Estrogen decreased, corpus luteum secretes progesterone which increases the levels. They are a negative feedback on GnRH which decrease LH and FSH
Testosterone is responsible for:
Maturity of the male genitals
Sperm cell production
Hair growth
Skin to become rougher and darker
Increases Sebaceous gland secretion
Hypertrophy of the Larynx and change in voice
Simulates metabolism
Higher rate compared with females
Increases erythropoietin production = increase in RBC
Greater % of body weight is muscle mass compared with females
Rapid bone growth = increased height
Stimulates the ossification of epiphyseal plate = reach maximum
height quicker
What is the differences in secretions among females and males?
Testosterone is secreted continuously and simultaneously where females have more cyclical and sequential secretion
Stroke volume increases as we grow, what is the SV for pre adolescence, untrained adult male, trained aerobically
Pre adolescence = 40ml
Untrained adult male = 70-80ml
trained aerobically = 100-110ml
Average cardiac output for adults at rest
5Lt/min
