Week 6-The natural reward circuit Flashcards
In general, things that are ____ for survival and reproduction produce ____, things that are ____ produce fear, pain or distaste.
When animal feels ____ they want to get the feeling again and that ____ the behaviors that led up to the good feeling.
When an animal feels ____, they don’t want it to happen again and that ____ behaviors to avoid it in the future.
good; pleasure; bad
good; reinforces
bad; reinforces
Where are the pleasure centers of the brain?
Experiences that produce pleasure increase ____ in the ____ ____, but stress and fear can also increase the level of it.
Dopamine; nucleus accumbens
(food, sex, drugs)
Dopamine ____ mice can still experience ____, too, which demonstrates how dopamine isn’t the sole determining factor for pleasure.
knockout; pleasure
For this class, dopamine is addressed as the ____ detector: a neurotransmitter that signals experiences that are critical for the animal’s survival
salience
____ reward elicited by a stimulus is dependent on ____ state
dopamine; physiological
(ex. salt-depleted mice gets spike in dopamine when they get salt – salt becomes good for survival and therefore encountering salt is rewarding and beneficial to survival)
____ is a learning process that leads to repetition of a behavior
Reinforcement
____ is an object or experience that follows a behavior and leads to an increase in that behavior
Reinforcer
____ ____ is a method that can be used to demonstrate reinforcement
Operant conditioning
____ reinforcement is when reward follows the behavior, whreas ____ reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus following the behavior, both want to increase the behavior. ____, on the other hand, is when an aversive stimulus follows the behavior to reduce that behavior.
Positive; Negative; Punishment
Current theory about ____ ____:
Initially, drugs mimic the actions of ____ ____ and make the brain think they are something very good for the body leading to strong ____ reinforcement. Then, when the drug is unavailable that produces a strong unpleasant feeling, which acts as ____ reinforcement for the behavior to seek the drug to reverse the bad feeling.
drug addiction
natural rewards; positive; negative
The natural reward circuit plays a cruicial role in ____ conditioning, in which the animal (unconsciously) learns to associate stimulus to an expected reward. This effect is seen in addicts when they are around the environment and people they took the drugs with.
classical
