Week 1 - Building Blocks of Life Flashcards
What are the 6 most important chemical elements that make up most biological molecules on Earth?
CHNOPS: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
5 Important elements in the environment that are incorporated into tissues and water in our bodies
Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium and Iron
*Calcium: into bone
*Iron: important component of blood
____ are elements bound together by chemical bonds
molecules
Big 4 molecules of life
carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
The function of carbs is to ____ ____
store energy
____ fat has all single bond carbons, ____ fat has double bonds with H on the same side making it to bend, and ____ fat has double bonds with H on opposite sides
saturated; unsaturated; trans
A lipid (triglyceride) is composed of a ____ backbone and 3 ____ acids
glycerol; fatty
A ____ consists of 1 polar head made up by ____ group and 2 nonpolar tails. It is the basic building block of the ____ ____, a structure called ____ ____
phospholipid; phosphate; cell membrane; phospholipid bilayer
____ are the work forces of the cell, and the function of it is determined by it’s ____ structure (when it folds up)
Proteins; tertiary
Shared amino acid structures include an ____ group, a ____ group, and a ____ ____
amino; carboxyl, side chain
____ ____are the building blocks of proteins; ____ is made up of a string of the previous stuff and can have____ ____
amino acids; peptides; signaling purposes
____ ____ include A______, G______ (P_____ bases), C_______, T______ (P_________ bases), and U_____ that’s found in RNA only.
Nucleic acids; adenine; guanine; purine; cytosine; thymine; pyramidine; uracil
The ____ cell has circular chromosome, and have plasmids that can leave the cell and enter another cell to exchange DNA information.
prokaryotic
The ____ cell has various organelles that gives it higher complexity than prokaryotic cells. They also have ____, an engulfed prokaryotic cell as organelle.
eukaryotic; mitochondria
The ____ is the site of biological protein synthesis (translation). They link ____ ____ together in the order specified by ____ ____ (mRNA) molecules.
ribosome; amino acids; messenger RNA
The ____ is where biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a ____ ____, the inner layer being folded ____ to form layers
mitochondrion; double membrane; inward
The ____ contains the genetic material within a membrane.
Nucleus
____ ____ a network of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane, where ____ attach, involved in ____ and ____ synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum; ribosomes; protein; lipid
The ____ ____ packages products made in the cell into vesicles for release or storage
golgi apparatus
____ is a vesicle that contains degradative enzymes used to degrade material or self destruct (____)
lysosome; apoptosis
