Week 6-Drug addiction: biological definition Flashcards
____ is the most abused drug in the US (not counting alcohol), followed by ___ ____ in the second place. ____ only constitutes about 0.1% of the abused drug but it is very dangerous because of its highly addictive nature. However, ____ use has been decreasing in recent years.
Marijuana; pain relievers; heroin; cigarette
Drug use is highest among people in their (age range). In 2013, about ____% of people in this age range reported using an illucit drug in the past month.
Late teens and twenties; 22.6
____ ____ is a chronically relapsing disorder that is characterized by the compulsion to seek and take the drug, the loss of ____ in limiting intake, and the emergence of a ____ emotional state when access to the drug is ____
Drug addiction; control; negative; withdrawn
Drug addiction can lead to direct bad effects: ____ increases blood pressure, ____ causes cancer, overdose, ____ lead to liver damage and its ____ can be life-thretening. The greatest tragedy comes from rearranging ____, placing drug use above family and work.
cocaine; smoking; alcohol; withdrawal; priorities
3 Features of drug addiction in DSM
- Tolerance
- Dependence
- Loss of control (interfering with quality of life)
In the 3 features of drug addiction in DSM, ____ means decreased effect with repeated use and need to take more to produce the same effect.
Tolerance
In the 3 features of drug addiction in DSM, ____ means the “need” for a drug, withdrawal symptoms occur upon cessation of drug use.
Dependence
____ ____ ____ is the tolerance which occurs within a single drug exposure. The dosage threshold of blood-ethanol concentration causing ____ of righting reflex at the beginning is ____ than the ____ of righting reflex after some time has passed.
Acute functional tolerance; loss; lower; regain
(The brain’s immediate reaction to maintain homeostasis after the drug stimulation)
____ is a long lasting change that occurs in the brain in response to a stimulus (in this case a drug) which tends to ____ the mechanism of action of the drug.
Neuroadaptation; reverse
____ neuron modulates the activity of pain sensory neuron and pain perception, which inhibits the neuron activity of pain sensory neuron with ____-____. Taking ____, an ____ at these receptors, can cause a surge in activity, which eliminates pain and gets intense pleasure.
Opioid; beta-endorphins; heroin; agonist
With repeated heroin use, the body adjusts by ____ the number of ____ receptors, a neuroadaptation process that causes ____.
reducing; opioid; tolerance
After stopping heroin use, because there is already ____ to heroin that resulted in less ____ receptors, tehre will be a sense of intense pain and dysphoria, but the body recovers in a few weeks. However, the social determinants of addictive behavior is hard to remove.
tolerance; opioid
