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System Neuroscience > Week 6 Pt 2 > Flashcards

Week 6 Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What other hypothalamic nuclei does the ARC neurones communicate with?

A

Paraventricular nucleus
Dorsomedial nucleus
Lateral hypothalamus
Ventromedial nucleus

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2
Q

What are the ARC neuronal population that regulate food intake?

A

Orexigenic neuropeptide Y/ agouti-related peptide neurons
Anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocorticon
Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript neurons

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3
Q

What has been shown to be important in regulating food intake?

A

Brainstem

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4
Q

What is involved in ingestive behaviour?

A

Casual brainstem

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5
Q

What is the dorsal vagal complex ?

A

Facilitate communication between periphery and hypothalamus to control food intake

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6
Q

What is an important role of vagus?

A

Transmission of afferent and efferent neural signals between gastrointestinal system and nucleus of tractus solitarus in the DVC

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7
Q

What is the corticolimbic system involved in?

A

Learning
Liking
Wanting

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8
Q

What is the homeostatic control of food intake strongly related to?

A

Hedonism
Reward
Food experiences

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9
Q

What structures does the corticolimbic system consist of?

A 
Prefrontal cortex
Nucleus accumbens
Ventral stratium
Hippocampus 
Amygdala
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10
Q

What modulates the homeostatic appetite system?

A

Non-homeostatic influences from corticolimbic system

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11
Q

What does the gut-brain axis modulate?

A

Short-term satiety

Hunger responses

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12
Q

What does the gut-brain axis modulate the delivery of?

A

Nutrients and transit of nutrients thigh the GI tract

Enable efficient digestion and storage of energy

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13
Q

What are the other roles of brain-gut axis?

A 
Regulation of:
Blood glucose levels 
Adipocyte function 
Energy expenditure 
Maintenance of energy homeostasis following a meal
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14
Q

What is directly and indirectly relayed to the DVC and corticolimbic system?

A

Gustatory fibres of cranial neves VII, IX, X
Olfactory fibres of cranial nerve I
Sensory fibres of cranial nerve V

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15
Q

What is afferent vagus nerve mechanoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Gastric and gut infra-luminal distension

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16
Q

What is chemoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Variety of intra-luminal chemical stimuli

17
Q

What does the neuroendocrine system consist of?

A
  1. Gut endocrine cells

2. Enteric nervous system

18
Q

What does the gut endocrine cells located?

A

Gut mucosa

19
Q

What does the enteric nervous system contain?

A

Peptidergic
Serotonergic
Nitric oxide - containing nerves

20
Q

What does the neuroendocrine system of gut regulate?

A 
Motility 
Secretion
Absorption 
Microcirculation in the gut 
Local immune defence 
Cell proliferation
21
Q

How many types of endocrine cells in the GI tract?

A

15 types

22
Q

Why does the gut endocrine cells secrete signalling substances into lamina propria of gut lining?

A

Exert their autocrine and paracrine function

23
Q

What is the autocrine function?

A

Hormones released by cell and bind onto itself and alter its own

24
Q

What is the paracrine function?

A

Hormones released by cells and bind to other cells and alter their function

25
Q

What is the important role of gut hormone?

A

Coordinate digestive process within GI tract

26
Q

What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A

Regulate appetite
Secreted; enteroendocrine I cells of small intestine
Promote fat and protein digestion

27
Q

What is the effect of cholecystokinin?

A

Increase satiety via cholecystokinin 1 (CCK1) receptors on:
Vagus afferent
Brain stem
Hypothalamus

28
Q

What is ghrelin?

A

Hunger hormone

Secreted: A cells (gastric fundus)

29
Q

What is the effect of ghrelin?

A

Increase gastric motility
Decrease fat utilisation
Stimulate growth hormone release

30
Q

What is peptide YY?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide
Family: neuropeptide Y and pancreatic polypeptide
Bind to Y family of receptors (Y2 receptors)
Secreted: L cells of GI tract

31
Q

When is there a low level of Peptide YY?

A

Fasting

32
Q

What is Glucagon?

A

Pancreatic hormone

Produced: preproglucagon precursor in the alpha cells of pancreas

33
Q

What is the effect of glucagon?

A

Main blood glucose levels during fasting and exercise

Promote: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

34
Q

What has anorectic properties and promote satiety?

A

Glucagon

35
Q

What is neurotensin?

A

Identified as CNS neurotransmitter
Secreted: N cells of GI tract
Regulate a number of digestive processes

36
Q

What is neurotensin involved in?

A

Acute reducing food intake

System Neuroscience (17 decks)

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