Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

System Neuroscience > Neuroendocrine System > Flashcards

Neuroendocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the relay pathways of Hypothalamus

A

Nucleus of solitary tract Brain stem reticular formation Retina Limbic and Olfactory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the controlled parameters of the Hypothalamus?

A

Digestion Body temperature control Circadian rhythm Feeding and Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the physiological functions of Hypothalamus?

A

Growth Metabolism Stress response Osmoregulation Thermoregulation Reproduction Circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the roles circumventricular organs?

A

Important sensory organs - provide input to Hypothalamus Allow secretion of hypothalamic hormones and their regulation by target tissue hormone (median eminence and pituitary gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the outputs if hypothalamus?

A

Limbic system Thalamus Reticular formation Autonomic NS Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 subdivision of the hypothalamus?

A

Anterior/preoptic Tuberal Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal zones of the hypothalamus?

A

Periventricular Medial Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What structures are found within contextual information?

A

Cerebral cortex Amygdala Hippocampal formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main roles of hypothalamus ?

A

Homeostatic control Compare inputs with biological set points Coordinate occurrence and timing of physiological function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the inputs to the hypothalamus ?

A

Telencephalic input — retinal to SCN Fornicate - Hippocampus Medial forebrain bundle Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus - brainstem
And spinal cord Stria termanlis - amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is thermosensing?

A

Neurons that directly sense stimuli in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the nucleus of hypothalamus

A

Periventricular nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Lateral hypothalamus Supraoptic nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Arcuate nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Median eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What mediates neuroendocrine regulation?

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two parts of pituitary gland?

A

Anterior lobe - adenohypophysis;pars distalis Posterior lobe - neurohypophysis:Pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are parvocellular neurons found?

A

Periventricular nucleus Paraventricular, actuate nucleus and Medial preoptic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are ultradian patterns?

A

Repeated period within 24hr circadian day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus secrete?

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does corticotropin-releasing hormone release?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does ACTH cause the release of?

A

Glucocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are Glucorticoid?

A

Steroids that bind nuclear transcription factor receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does cortisol bind?

A

Neurosecretory cells in the PVN and on corticotrophs to decrease stimulation of its release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Glucocorticoid interact with?

A

Endocrine systems and immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is the highest level of cortisol seen?

A

Morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why is glucorticoid important in neural function?

A

Hippocampal granule cell survival and neurogenesis Learning and memory

25
Q

What is the circadian rhythm dependent upon?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

26
Q

What does CRH stimulate the release of?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH; thyrotropin)

27
Q

What does TSH cause the release of?

A

Thyroid hormone from thyroid gland

28
Q

What does Thyroid hormone stimulate the decrease of?

A

TRH and TSH

29
Q

What does thyroid hormone regulate?

A

Basal metabolism: cellular ATP, protein synthesis

30
Q

What does arcuate nucleus secrete?

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

31
Q

What does periventricular nucleus secrete?

A

Somatostatin

32
Q

Where are GH and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) made?

A

Liver

33
Q

What does growth hormone stimulate?

A

Somatic (body) growth, regeneration and body homeostasis (tissues like bone and muscle)

34
Q

When is GH released?

A

Sleep

35
Q

What does anterior and Medial basal hypothalamus secrete?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

36
Q

What does GnRH stimulate the release of?

A

LH and FSH

37
Q

What do LH and FSH do?

A

Secretion of sex hormones from ovaries and testes

38
Q

Why is sex hormone important?

A

Development Expression of secondary sex characteristics Adult reproductive function

39
Q

What do neurons in the arcuate nucleus secrete?

A

Dopamine

40
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

Inhibit secretion of prolactin from anterior pituitary gland through dopamine D2 receptor

41
Q

How is the inhibition of prolactin relieved?

A

Lactation in response to suckling

42
Q

Where does prolactin act on?

A

Mammillary gland to stimulate the development of gland and production of milk

43
Q

What does the Magnocellular neurons produce?

A

Neuroendocrine peptide: arginine vasopressin(AVP), anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

44
Q

Where are hormones of magnocellular neurons transported down?

A

Axons in the pituitary stalk

45
Q

Where are the hormones of magnocellular neurons stored?

A

Terminals in the Posterior pituitary gland

46
Q

Upon neural stimulation of neuroendocrine cells where are the hypothalamus hormones secreted?

A

Capillaries of Posterior lobe

47
Q

What mediate the neuroendocrine release from Posterior pituitary gland?

A

Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and Supraoptic nucleus (SON)

48
Q

What does vasopressin regulate?

A

Osmoregulation Water/salt balance Social behaviours

49
Q

What does oxytocin regulate?

A

Parturition Milk ejection Social behaviours

50
Q

What is parturition?

A

Uterine contraction at labour

51
Q

How many a.a is AVP and OXT?

A

9 a.a

52
Q

Are AVP and OXT transcribed from same gene?

A

Yes

53
Q

Are AVP and OXT secretion pulsatile and what does it depend on?

A

No and neural stimulation in response to changes in osmolality/blood volume - nipple/genital stimulation

54
Q

What does the Posterior pituitary hormone provide a quick response to?

A

Haemorrhage and suckling stimuli

55
Q

What does angiotensin II stimulate the neurons of?

A

Subfornical organ (SFO)

56
Q

What does dendritic release if OT coordinate?

A

Neuroendocrine secretion

57
Q

What does projection to the preoptic area and amygdala mediate?

A

Social and maternal behavioural effect

58
Q

What does Vagal stimulation during labour stimulate?

A

Increased oxytocin secretion; uterine contraction

59
Q

What neurons detect changes in osmolality?

A

OVLT and PVN/SON

System Neuroscience (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions