Week 5 Pt 1 - Control Of Movement Flashcards
What structures in brain and spinal cord are involved in the control of movement?
- Cerebral cortex
- Basal Ganglia
- Cerebellum
- Thalamus
- Brainstem
- Spinal Cord
What are the CNS regions in the control of movement?
- Motor Cortex
- Brainstem
- Basal Ganglia
- Cerebellum
Motor cortex
Control voluntary movement
What are the tracts of Motor Cortex?
Pyramidal
Corticospinal and Corticobulbar tract
Brainstem
Contain several motor nuclei
Extrapyramidal
What are the several motor nuclei of brainstem?
Rubrospinal
Vestibulospobal
Reticulospinal
What is the Rubrospinal tract?
Participate in voluntary movements
What is the vestibulospibal tract?
Maintain balance and support locomotion and posture
What is the Reticulospinal tract?
Coordinate automatic movements of locomotion and maintain posture
What is the Basal Ganglia?
Modulate activities of motor cortex
What is the cerebellum?
Does not initiate movement
Coordinates the action of all descending motor tracts
What are the 3 regions of motor cortex?
Supplementary motor cortex
Premotor cortex
Primary motor cortex
What is the supplementary motor cortex?
Involved in planning of complex and two handed movements
Coordinate posture
What is the premotor cortex?
Sensory guidance of movement
Receive input from posterior parietal cortex
Contribute to extrapyramidal pathways
What is the primary motor cortex?
Main motor area involved in executing voluntary movements
Corticospinal tract
Body regions
Corticobulbar tract
Face and neck regions
What does the pyramidal system also project to?
Basal Ganglia
Cerebellum
What does lateral corticospinal tract do?
80-90%
Cross over to the contralateral spinal cord at pyramids
What does anterior corticospinal tract do?
10-20%
Cross over at the level of synaptic contacts with spinal motor neurons
What is Tectospinal tract?
Capture and avoidance movements
Why does the visual system first inspect the mug?
To gather information on the distance and position of the cup
Where is the information relayed from and to?
From visual cortex
To posterior parietal cortex
What does the posterior parietal cortex transform visual information into?
Motor commands
Where does the posterior parietal cortex send the command to?
Supplementary motor area
Pre-motor cortex
What is the function of pre-motor cortex?
Decides set of muscles to contract
Sequence of contractions
Required force and trajectory
Sends signals to corresponding motor neurone in primary motor cortex
What does the motor neurons in primary motor cortex send signal directly to what?
Lower motor neurons in central horn of cervical spinal cord that controls the muscles of arm and hand
What does the motor neurons in primary motor cortex send signal to indirectly?
Lower motor neurons via rubrospinal tract
What are examples of sensory information?
Proprioception
Muscle length
To ensure that movements are fast,precise and coordinated sensory information is sent to what?
Brain via ascending sensory tracts
Spinocerebellar tract
What does cerebellum receive information about?
Positions in space of joints and coordinates the movements of groups of muscles
Regulate timing
Correct any errors in movement
When the mug is grasped information from sensory receptors in fingers travel to what?
Spinal cord
Where is the information from sensory receptors also sent to?
Sensory cortex that controls touch
Why does visual signal?
Confirm the grasping are sent to visual cortex
What informs the motor cortex that the mug is now being held?
Sensory cortex
Visual cortex
What is step 1 for grasping a mug?
Visual information required to locate the target
What is step 2 for grasping a mug?
Frontal-lobe motor areas plan the reach and command the movement
What is step 3 for grasping a mug?
Spinal cord carries the information to hand
What is step 4 for grasping a mug?
Motor neurons carry messages to muscles of hand and forearm
What is step 5 for grasping a mug?
Sensory receptors on the fingers send message to sensory cortex saying that the cup has been grasped
What is step 6 for grasping a mug?
Spinal cord carries sensory information to brain
What is step 7 for grasping a mug?
Basal Ganglia Judge grasp forces and cerebellum corrects movement errors