Week 3 - Learning And Memory Flashcards
What did patient HM suffer from?
Refractory seizures
On 01/09/53 what did William Scoville perform on HM?
Bilateral temporal lobectomy
What are the important site for the generation of the seizures?
Amygdala
Temporal lobe
What brain regions did William Scoville perform the surgery on?
Amygdala
Entorhinal cortex
Hippocampus
What was the surgery successful in?
Treatment of epilepsy
What did HM know up until 2 years before his surgery?
Who he was How to do things Personal history Facts learned in school Language Social events People Almost everything
HM short term memory was intact, what could he no longer form?
Long term memories
What are intimately linked?
Learning and memory
What is learning?
The process of acquiring knowledge or skills through experience, study or being taught
What is memory?
The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information
What is memory?
The outcome of learning
What is learning all about?
Changing behaviour
Improving self
It is a survival advantage
What does survival advantage of learning and memory teach?
Avoid situations that you find dangerous
Seek those that were previously beneficial
What does all form of learning and memory involve?
Cellular and circuitry changes in the nervous system
What can memory be?
Very short-lived
Short-to-medium lived
Long term
Very short lived
Sensory memory (msec-sec)
Short-to-medium lived
Short term memory and working memory (sec-min)
Long-term
Long-term memories (days-years-decades)
What are the 3 major processing stages that sustain learning and memory?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
What is encoding?
The processing of information that creates a memory trace for storage
What are two divisions of encoding?
Acquisition - sensory stimuli make the cut into STM
Consolidation - changes in brain stabilise memory over time resulting in LTM
What is storage?
Result of acquisition and consolidation
Represents the permanent record of information
What is retrieval?
Accessing stored information
Create conscious representation or execute a learned behaviour
What are the properties of declarative memories?
Conscious
Verbal
Holistic
Contextual