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Physiology > week 6 muscular system > Flashcards

week 6 muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle cells are filed with _________

A

myofibrils

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2
Q

Myofibrils are filled with

A

sarcomeres

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3
Q

The ryanodine receptor releases __

A

calcium

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4
Q

The ryanodine receptor opens when the _______ receptor opens (depolarizes)

A

dihydropyridine receptor

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5
Q

Troponin & Tropomyosin bound together as one _______ that is found around actin molecules.

A

protein

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6
Q

long fibrous protein like rope:

A

tropomyosin

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7
Q

Globular protein made up of 3 subunits

A

troponin

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8
Q

What are the three subunit of troponin

A

Tc, Ti, Tt

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9
Q

Tt stands for

A

Troponin-tropomyosin

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10
Q

Ti stands for

A

Troponin – interaction

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11
Q

Tc stands for

A

Troponin – calcium

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12
Q

Tc component allows ____ to bind

A

calcium

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13
Q

What is the TTC function

A

to cover the myosin binding sites on actin

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14
Q

The ATP that is attached to the Myosin head can be found in two different format:

A

ATP form, and ADP Pi form

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15
Q

The ATP format of the myosin head is considered

A

low energy configuration

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16
Q

The ADP and Pi format of the myosin head is considered

A

high energy configuration

17
Q

Skeletal Muscle Activation requires ______ of a nerve

A

innervation

18
Q

___ permits contraction & its absence ______ contraction

A

Ca, prevents

19
Q

Neuromuscular Junction Process is the ______ of neurotransmitter and _____ of the muscle

A

release, innervation

20
Q

Excitation Contraction Coupling is the Release of _____ and ________.

A

calcium , cross bridge formation

21
Q

Sliding Filament Theory is the ________ aka _____ ______

A

contraction, power stroke

22
Q

Steps to Neuromuscular junction :

A

Arrival of action potential -> Opening of voltage gated calcium channel->
Entry of calcium->
Exocytosis of neurotransmitter->
Diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the neuromuscular junction ->
Binding of the neurotransmitter to the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

23
Q

In the neuromuscular junction the neurotransmitter will ALWAYS be ___________.

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

24
Q

The receptor that acetylcholine binds to in the neuromuscular junction is always

A

Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor

25
Q

The receptor that acetylcholine binds to in the neuromuscular junction is always

A

Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor

26
Q

Steps in E-C coupling :

A
  1. Net entry of Na causes postsynaptic membrane (muscle) to reach threshold.
  2. Reaching threshold generates action potential on the postsynaptic membrane.
  3. Action potential travels down T-tubules causing the Dihydropyridine receptor to depolarize.
  4. The depolarization of the dihydropyridine receptor causes the Ryanodine receptor to open.
  5. Calcium is released from the SR and binds to troponin.
  6. Binding of calcium to “Tc” portion of Troponin causes the tropomyosin to shift over.
  7. Shifting of Troponin-Tropomyocin complex causes myosin binding sites on actin to be exposed.
  8. Myosin bind actin (cross bridges form between thick and thin filaments)
27
Q

Sliding filament theory steps:

A
  1. Release of ATP (ADP & Pi)-> causes the myosin head to bend -> power (working) stroke occurs
  2. A new ATP molecule comes in and bind myosin head -> causes the thick & thin filaments to detach->
    Myosin is in low energy state.
  3. Rearrangement / Hydrolysis of ATP into ADP & Pi occurs -> myosin head straightens up (cocked position). Myosin is in high energy state now.
  4. If calcium present Thick and Thin filaments form cross bridges again and sliding filament theory occurs again, if Ca not present muscle will relax
28
Q

Smooth muscle contains 3 inactive proteins called ________, ________, & ________

A

myosin light chain Kinase, calmodulin, & myosin

29
Q

Steps to smooth muscle contraction :

A
  1. Calcium ions enter via voltage dependent/ voltage independent Ca2+ channels and SR (calcium induced calcium release)2. Calcium then binds to calmodulin and activates it. 3. The activated calmodulin activated the myosin light chain kinase enzymes 4. The kinase enzymes then takes ATP and converts it to ADP and Pi 5. The ADP and Pi then attach to the myosin activating it, then cross bridges form and shortening begins
30
Q

Steps to smooth muscle contraction :

A
  1. Calcium ions enter via voltage dependent/ voltage independent Ca2+ channels and SR (calcium induced calcium release)2. Calcium then binds to calmodulin and activates it. 3. The activated calmodulin activated the myosin light chain kinase enzymes 4. The kinase enzymes then takes ATP and converts it to ADP and Pi 5. The ADP and Pi then attach to the myosin activating it, then cross bridges form with actin and shortening begins

Physiology (13 decks)

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