Week 4 endocrine system Flashcards
What are the master endocrine glands?
hypothalamus and pituitary glands(Anterior/Posterior)
How is the hypothalamus connected to the anterior pituitary?
blood vessels
How is the hypothalamus connected to the posterior pituitary?
Infundibulum / Stak, (special tissue that runs from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary
What are the specialized cells called that run from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary?
neuroendocrine cells
The dendrites and cell body of the neuroendocrine cells are found in the _________.
hypothalamus
The axon body of the the neuroendocrine cells are found in the __________.
infundibulum
The axon terminal of the neuroendocrine cells are found in the _______ _______.
posterior pituitary
Neuroendocrine cells release ______ rather than ________.
hormones , neurotransmitters
Neuroendocrine cells look like ____ but function as ____ cells.
neurons, endocrine
What are the two different types of neuroendocrine cells ?
Supraoptic and paraventricular
Supraoptic produces and secretes:
ADH
Paraventricular cell produces and secretes:
Oxytocin
ADH and Oxytocin are _______ in the hypothalamus and are _____ /_____ by the posterior pituitary.
produced, stored/secreted
ADH stands for
anti-diuretic hormone
ADH prevents you from _______ and causes you to _____ water.
urinating, retain
Wha are the signals for ADH release?
Dehydration: increased solute(NOT WATER) concentration (osmolarity) & decreased BP
Describe the release of ADH
ADH produced in hypothalamus->stored/released by post.pituitary-> ADH travels to kidney collecting ducts-> enters water channels and causes reobsorption
What causes oxytocin to be released?
cervical/uterine contraction and breast sucking
What happens when oxytocin reaches the uterus?
the myometrium contracts causing labor
What does oxytocin do after labor?
causes the cervix/uterus to revert back to its normal shape
What happens when oxytocin reaches the breast?
milk ejection
Growth hormones are produced by _________.
Somatotrophs
Somatotrophs are located in the
anterior pituitary
what causes growth hormone to be released ?
GhRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)
In childhood/adolescence the growth hormone causes an increase in _____&_____ by releasing ______ _____ _____ _______ from the _____.
mass & length, insulin like growth factors (IGFs), liver
In adults the growth hormone causes :
gluconeogenesis: glycogen and fats to be converted into glucose
The zona glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex releases
ALDOSTERONE (mineralocorticoid)
The zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex releases
CORTISOL (Glucocorticoid / Corticosterone)
The zona reticular layer of the adrenal cortex releases
SEX HORMONES
Androgens
The adrenal medulla layer of AC (adrenal cortex) releases
EPINEPHRINE &
NOREPINEPHRINE
(Catecholamines)
Epinephrine & norephinephrine activate the
sympathetic nervous system (fight/flight)
What causes CRH (Corticotrophin releasing hormone) to be released?
Morning peaks, fever, and hypoglycemia