Week 2 Transport systems/membrane dynamics Flashcards
What are the three transport systems used by the cells?
Passive transport, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis (vesicular transport)
When something is going from high to low it is going ______ its concentration gradient.
down
When something is going from low to high it is going _____ its concentration gradient.
against
Passive transport
Process in which no energy is required because solute is moving from high [solute] to low [solute] (down its concentration gradient)
What are the two types of passive transport
diffusion and osmosis
Active transport
Process in which energy is required because solute is moving from low [solute] to high [solute] (against its concentration gradient)
What are the two types of active transport?
Primary active transport and secondary active transport
Vesicular transport : 2 types
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Diffusion is:
Passive transport in which solute moves from an area of high [solute] into an area of low [solute]
Diffusion stops when it reaches ___________.
Equilibrium
What are the three types of diffusion:
Lipid (simple) diffusion, Channel Diffusion, & Facilitated Diffusion
Channel diffusion
Uses carrier protein which are hollow in the middle, 1⁰ used for transporting ions & water in & out of cells
What are the two types of channel diffusion :
Non gated channels (Leaky Channels) & Gated channels
Non gated channels (Leaky Channels)
Used for water
Lipid Diffusion (simple diffusion)
Used by substances (USUALLY GASSES) that are lipid soluble (can cross the plasma membrane with any assistance)
Facilitated Diffusion
Uses membrane proteins which have the ability to change shape, These proteins change shape during the process which allows the substance to be transported in and out of cell, Used for LARGE molecules (Glucose, Amino Acids)
Steps of Facilitated Diffusion
Binding of substance to membrane protein -> membrane protein changes shape -> release of substance
Osmosis
Passive transport in which water moves from low [solute] into high [solute]
In osmosis, concentration ______ in areas from which water left.
increases
In osmosis, concentration ______ in areas where water entered.
decreases
Osmosis stops once ______ is reached because there is no more ____ _____.
Equilibrium, driving force
Tonicity
Concentrations of solutions based on amount of solute present
What are the 3 ways of classifying solutions based on tonicity?
Hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic
Hypotonic
Contains low amount of solute when compared to other solutions
Isotonic
Has equal amount of solute when compared to other solutions
Hypertonic
Contains high amount of solute when compared to other solutions
Primary active transport
Active transport that uses direct form of ENERGY (ATP) to transport solute from LOW solute concentration to HIGH solute concentration.
Sodium Potassium Pump
Primary active transport system in which sodium and potassium are both transported, for every 3 sodium there is always 2 potassium, High K in , low Na out
Secondary active transport
Active transport that uses indirect direct form of energy (not ATP), First molecule moves down the concentration gradient (from high to low) and collects energy to transport the second molecule against its concentration gradient (from low to high).
Uniport
1 type of solute is being transported in one direction
Symport
2 types of solute are being transported in the same direction
Antiport
2 types of solute are being transported but in different directions
Uniport, symport and anti port can be use to describe _____ & ______ transport.
passive & active
Intracellular fluid
fluid inside the cell, high concentration of potassium
Extracellular fluid
fluid out side the cell, high concentration of sodium, split in 2 compartments
What are the two compartments of extracellular fluid?
Interstitial fluid & plasma
Interstitial fluid
fluid between the cells
Plasma
fluid within blood vessels
