Week 6: Lipids Flashcards
________________ fatty acids create separation & are the primary structural component of membranes
Phospholipid
Lipids store energy as ______________ to provide energy for making ATP
Hydrocarbons
T/F Hormones & prostaglandins are messengers in the bloodstream
True
The four important vitamins in lipid life system process are ____, _____, _____ & ____-series
A, D, E & K-series
This Vitamin series is essential for blood clotting
K-series
These types of dietary lipids are used to absorb these vitamins from foods
Fats & Oils in your diet
A human should have _____% of the diet in lipids to absorb enough vitamins
20%
Stored fat lipids in body provide ________ protection and act as a ____________ from blows to the body.
thermal; shock-absorber
T/F Lipids/Fats always have a strong hydrophillic character.
False - they are always HYDROPHOBIC with exception of Glycerol
T/F Glycerol Fat lipids are Hydrophillic because it’s more polar
True
- Fatty acids, 2. Glycerols and 3. Sterols are 3 types of ___________ lipids
Structural
4 types of lipids found in biological systems:
- Fatty Acids, 2. Non-Glyceride Lipids, 3. Glycerides & 4. Complex lipids
Chylo means
Digestion
Sterols, waxes & Sphingolipids are all 3 unrelated types of ___________________ lipids
Non-Glyceride lipids
Oleic Acid (olive oil), Lauric acid (coconut), Linoleic acid and phospholipids are all types of _______ ______
fatty acids
Diglycerides, triglycerides & especially phospholipids are all types of __________
Glycerides
Liposomes, Micelles, Lipoproteins & chylomicrons are all __________ ________
Complex Lipids
All cell membranes whether interior or exterior, are primarily composed of ______ _____
fatty acids
T/F The most crucial role of fatty acids in cells and tissues are as ALIPHATIC CHAINS in the structuring of CELL BILAYER MEMBRANES
True
A fat found in humans that comes from prostaglandins transformed into energy storage molecules are
Triglycerides
An Oil found in plants that comes from prostaglandins transformed into energy storage molecules are
Vegetable
T/F Fatty acids have most non-polar properties, but their acid heads lend some solubility in water
True
Fatty acids can be used to _____________ non-polar & polar substances
emulsify
Emulsify means to dissolve _______ & ___________ things into solution in water. Ex - dish soap on food oil
polar & non-polar
Soaps are salts of ______ _______
fatty acids
Most vegetable oils are composed of _________ ___________ types
Fatty acid
A fatty acid, single or double bond in a chain, capped with a METHYL group on one end and a CARBOXYL group on the other describes a ______________ chain
Hydrocarbon
Carboxyl groups form _______ bonds
weak
With 4 double bonds and a ring structure, this type of acid is known as a trouble maker in the body because of inflammation tendencies
Arachidonic Acid
Arachidic acid, Stearic Acid & Palmatic acid have _____ double bonds and are saturated fatty acids
No/Zero
_________________ are the most abundant fatty acids in lipid bilayer membranes in all cell types
Phospholipids
Phosphatidylcholine, also a diglyceride and emulsifier, is a major component of ____________ _____________
bilayer membranes
___________, an emulsifing phospholipid is a common supplement powder.
Lethicin
A sterol backbone is always a three ___-_________ ring with one ____-________ ring
6 - carbon; 5 - carbon
______________ is a precursor molecule for sterol-based compounds
Cholesterol
_________ is the basic molecular backbone used to make _________ hormones like corticosteroids & gonadal hormones
Sterol; sterol
This organ regulates cholesterol
The liver
We need __________ in order to make cholesterol
hormones
______________ are constructed from fatty acids called Sphingosine that has an amino (nitrogen-containing_ alcohol + a long chain of fatty acids
Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids are important in maintaining & improving the function of the ______________ and occur in many forms
plasmalemma
Glycerol is the backbone for ____________ fats
Glyceride
A monoglyceride has ____ fatty acid
one
A Diglyceride has ____ fatty acids
two
A triglyceride has ____ fatty acids
three
T/F A Glycerol can only attach up to 3 chains
True
Phosphatidylcholine & phosphatidylethanolamine are two important types of __________________ used in lipid bilayer and compose phosphoglycerides. They have polar & non-polar regions.
Diglycerides
You store Glycogen in your ____________
muscles
You store adipose in your ________
flesh
____________________ are the most common way animals store fat in adipose tissue
Triglycerides
T/F Triglycerides can be broken down & converted to energy as needed and have a LOW caloric value.
False, they can be broken down, converted to energy as needed & have a HIGH caloric value, almost 2x that of carbohydrates
Triglycerides always have ____ fatty acids chains on a Glycerol backbone. They are known as the awful fat that everyone freaks out about.
3
A liposome chamber stores _______-__________ molecules
water-soluble
A Micelle chamber stores _____-__________ molecules
fat-soluble
A ____________ is a small sphere of bilayer & stores or transports polar, water soluble molecules
Liposome
A __________ is a single layer of phospholipid & stores or transports non-polar, fat soluble molecules
Micelle
_______________ is a non-hormonal lipoprotein micelle that transports triglycerides + cholesterol in the bloodstream.
chylomicron
Prostaglandins & sterols are the two most common lipid _________________. They tell your body when and where to feel pain.
Messengers
Several types of lipid molecules are used as ____________ & ___________-_______ messengers. Examples are: prostaglandins, sterols, nucleotides, peptides, nitrogen oxide & amino acids.
hormone & hormone-like
