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Biochemical Principles > Week 6: Lipids > Flashcards

Week 6: Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

________________ fatty acids create separation & are the primary structural component of membranes

A

Phospholipid

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2
Q

Lipids store energy as ______________ to provide energy for making ATP

A

Hydrocarbons

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3
Q

T/F Hormones & prostaglandins are messengers in the bloodstream

A

True

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4
Q

The four important vitamins in lipid life system process are ____, _____, _____ & ____-series

A

A, D, E & K-series

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5
Q

This Vitamin series is essential for blood clotting

A

K-series

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6
Q

These types of dietary lipids are used to absorb these vitamins from foods

A

Fats & Oils in your diet

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7
Q

A human should have _____% of the diet in lipids to absorb enough vitamins

A

20%

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8
Q

Stored fat lipids in body provide ________ protection and act as a ____________ from blows to the body.

A

thermal; shock-absorber

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9
Q

T/F Lipids/Fats always have a strong hydrophillic character.

A

False - they are always HYDROPHOBIC with exception of Glycerol

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10
Q

T/F Glycerol Fat lipids are Hydrophillic because it’s more polar

A

True

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11
Q
  1. Fatty acids, 2. Glycerols and 3. Sterols are 3 types of ___________ lipids
A

Structural

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12
Q

4 types of lipids found in biological systems:

A
  1. Fatty Acids, 2. Non-Glyceride Lipids, 3. Glycerides & 4. Complex lipids
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13
Q

Chylo means

A

Digestion

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14
Q

Sterols, waxes & Sphingolipids are all 3 unrelated types of ___________________ lipids

A

Non-Glyceride lipids

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15
Q

Oleic Acid (olive oil), Lauric acid (coconut), Linoleic acid and phospholipids are all types of _______ ______

A

fatty acids

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16
Q

Diglycerides, triglycerides & especially phospholipids are all types of __________

A

Glycerides

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17
Q

Liposomes, Micelles, Lipoproteins & chylomicrons are all __________ ________

A

Complex Lipids

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18
Q

All cell membranes whether interior or exterior, are primarily composed of ______ _____

A

fatty acids

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19
Q

T/F The most crucial role of fatty acids in cells and tissues are as ALIPHATIC CHAINS in the structuring of CELL BILAYER MEMBRANES

A

True

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20
Q

A fat found in humans that comes from prostaglandins transformed into energy storage molecules are

A

Triglycerides

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21
Q

An Oil found in plants that comes from prostaglandins transformed into energy storage molecules are

A

Vegetable

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22
Q

T/F Fatty acids have most non-polar properties, but their acid heads lend some solubility in water

A

True

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23
Q

Fatty acids can be used to _____________ non-polar & polar substances

A

emulsify

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24
Q

Emulsify means to dissolve _______ & ___________ things into solution in water. Ex - dish soap on food oil

A

polar & non-polar

25
Q

Soaps are salts of ______ _______

A

fatty acids

26
Q

Most vegetable oils are composed of _________ ___________ types

A

Fatty acid

27
Q

A fatty acid, single or double bond in a chain, capped with a METHYL group on one end and a CARBOXYL group on the other describes a ______________ chain

A

Hydrocarbon

28
Q

Carboxyl groups form _______ bonds

A

weak

29
Q

With 4 double bonds and a ring structure, this type of acid is known as a trouble maker in the body because of inflammation tendencies

A

Arachidonic Acid

30
Q

Arachidic acid, Stearic Acid & Palmatic acid have _____ double bonds and are saturated fatty acids

A

No/Zero

31
Q

_________________ are the most abundant fatty acids in lipid bilayer membranes in all cell types

A

Phospholipids

32
Q

Phosphatidylcholine, also a diglyceride and emulsifier, is a major component of ____________ _____________

A

bilayer membranes

33
Q

___________, an emulsifing phospholipid is a common supplement powder.

A

Lethicin

34
Q

A sterol backbone is always a three ___-_________ ring with one ____-________ ring

A

6 - carbon; 5 - carbon

35
Q

______________ is a precursor molecule for sterol-based compounds

A

Cholesterol

36
Q

_________ is the basic molecular backbone used to make _________ hormones like corticosteroids & gonadal hormones

A

Sterol; sterol

37
Q

This organ regulates cholesterol

A

The liver

38
Q

We need __________ in order to make cholesterol

A

hormones

39
Q

______________ are constructed from fatty acids called Sphingosine that has an amino (nitrogen-containing_ alcohol + a long chain of fatty acids

A

Sphingolipids

40
Q

Sphingolipids are important in maintaining & improving the function of the ______________ and occur in many forms

A

plasmalemma

41
Q

Glycerol is the backbone for ____________ fats

A

Glyceride

42
Q

A monoglyceride has ____ fatty acid

A

one

43
Q

A Diglyceride has ____ fatty acids

A

two

44
Q

A triglyceride has ____ fatty acids

A

three

45
Q

T/F A Glycerol can only attach up to 3 chains

A

True

46
Q

Phosphatidylcholine & phosphatidylethanolamine are two important types of __________________ used in lipid bilayer and compose phosphoglycerides. They have polar & non-polar regions.

A

Diglycerides

47
Q

You store Glycogen in your ____________

A

muscles

48
Q

You store adipose in your ________

A

flesh

49
Q

____________________ are the most common way animals store fat in adipose tissue

A

Triglycerides

50
Q

T/F Triglycerides can be broken down & converted to energy as needed and have a LOW caloric value.

A

False, they can be broken down, converted to energy as needed & have a HIGH caloric value, almost 2x that of carbohydrates

51
Q

Triglycerides always have ____ fatty acids chains on a Glycerol backbone. They are known as the awful fat that everyone freaks out about.

A

3

52
Q

A liposome chamber stores _______-__________ molecules

A

water-soluble

53
Q

A Micelle chamber stores _____-__________ molecules

A

fat-soluble

54
Q

A ____________ is a small sphere of bilayer & stores or transports polar, water soluble molecules

A

Liposome

55
Q

A __________ is a single layer of phospholipid & stores or transports non-polar, fat soluble molecules

A

Micelle

56
Q

_______________ is a non-hormonal lipoprotein micelle that transports triglycerides + cholesterol in the bloodstream.

A

chylomicron

57
Q

Prostaglandins & sterols are the two most common lipid _________________. They tell your body when and where to feel pain.

A

Messengers

58
Q

Several types of lipid molecules are used as ____________ & ___________-_______ messengers. Examples are: prostaglandins, sterols, nucleotides, peptides, nitrogen oxide & amino acids.

A

hormone & hormone-like

Biochemical Principles (11 decks)

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