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Biochemical Principles > Week 3: Organic Chemisty Part II > Flashcards

Week 3: Organic Chemisty Part II Flashcards

1
Q

The presence of these elements is “understood” or hidden in skeleton diagrams.

A

carbon

hydrogen

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2
Q

Some chemical group that is attached to the atoms in question, but is not important to see or know what the chemical group is in a skeleton diagram.

A

R-group

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3
Q

In chemistry, al alcohol is an organic compound in which a ________ _________ is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl group

A

hydroxyl group

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4
Q

What simple complex polar molecule has a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom in the OH- group (sulfide group)?

A

thiol

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5
Q

_______ _______ are extremely important in protein structure and in cellular energy production.

A

sulfide group

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6
Q

What class of molecules are very common and are polar in nature. The basic structure is a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (polar end).

A

Carbonyl group

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7
Q

(T/F) Carbonyl groups are found in related classes of organic molecules: aldehydes and keytones.

A

True

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8
Q

What very common organic acid group, with R- being any kind of aliphatic or aromatic compound.

A

Carboxylic Acid (R-COOH)

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9
Q

(T/F) The -COOH group is found throughout the biological world, creating strong acids.

A

False - it creates weak acids, as the H+ dissociates for only short periods of time from the COOH group, creating a mild acid reaction.

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10
Q

Common carboxylic acids are ______ ______, which are identified as fats or lipids, but are actually acid fats.

A

fatty acids

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11
Q

An unsaturated fatty acid messenger molecule (contains a double bond which makes it unsaturated).

A

Prostaglandin

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12
Q

A class of organic molecules that are created from the COOH group by replacing the H with R- and are very fragrant.

A

Esters

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13
Q

Organic nitrogen based on ammonia.

A

Amines

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of amines?

A

Primary (1 R- group: R-NH2)
Secondary (2 R- group: R-NH-R)
Tertiary (3 R- group: R-N-R’-R’’)

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15
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins that are all amines, with differing R- groups. These are mostly primary amines.

A

Amino Acids

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16
Q

A huge class of amines that are based upon ring structures that include one or more nitrogen atoms in the carbon ring.

A

Heterocyclic Amines

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17
Q

What class of heterocyclic amines chelate a metal ion in the molecule’s center and are important in the function of many enzymes?

A

Porphyrins

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18
Q

________ combine an amine group with a carbonyl group.

A

Amides

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19
Q

(T/F) All proteins are amines.

A

False - All proteins are amiDes.

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20
Q

(T/F) Amides are the build blocks of proteins; all proteins are amines.

A

False - AmiNes are the build blocks of proteins; all proteins are amiDes.

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21
Q

The specific reaction where amino acids are joined to form an amides molecule.

A

peptide bonds

22
Q

What is the resulting amide of a peptide bond and is considered the simplest protein?

A

peptide

23
Q

The process of releasing a water molecule from a peptide bond.

A

dehydration synthesis

24
Q

Dehydration synthesis reaction and occurs between carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group on another amino acid - resulting OC-NH bond.

A

peptide bond

25
Q

Biological system are structurally composed of 4 basic types of organic molecules:

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

26
Q

The 4 basic types of organic molecules often have multiple subunits, and get quite large.

A

Macromolecules

27
Q

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

A
  • NH2 (basic amine group)
  • R (aliphatic or aromatic group)
  • COOH (carboxyl group
28
Q

What is a long, linear chain of bonded amino acids that fold?

A

protein

29
Q

What is a single amino acid?

A

monopeptide

30
Q

When two joined amino acids form?

A

dipeptide

31
Q

When three amino acids bond?

A

tripeptide

32
Q

When multiple bonded amino acids (4+)?

A

protein or polypeptide

33
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A
  • simple sugars
  • complex sugars
  • starches
34
Q

What is the structure of a sugar (saccharides) molecule?

A
  • ring of 4/5 carbons

- 1 oxygen

35
Q

What are single sugar moieties?

A

Monosaccharides

36
Q

What are 2 monosaccharides bond?

A

Disaccharide

37
Q

What are multiple monosaccharide bonds?

A

Polysaccharides

38
Q

What are the 3 types of lipids (fats)?

A
  • fatty acids
  • glycerols
  • sterols
39
Q

What is the most common role of lipids in cells and tissues?

A

Cell membranes

40
Q

What do cell membranes coalesce to form?

A

Bilayer

41
Q

What is the most common component of membranes and is used in making sterol hormones like corticosteroids?

A

Cholesterol

42
Q

What is the building blocks of nucleic acid?

A

nucleotides

43
Q

What organic molecule has a chain of bonded nucleotides?

A

nucleic acid

44
Q

What are nucleotides composed of?

A
  • 5-carbon sugar
  • nitrogenous base
  • phosphate group
45
Q

What organic molecule is responsible for the cell’s genetic material?

A

nucleic acid

46
Q

What are the long chains of nucleotides bonded together called?

A

phosphate-sugar backbone of the nucleic acid

47
Q

What are the 2 types of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides?

A

1) pyrimidines

2) purines

48
Q

(T/F) The 2 types of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides are considered heterocyclic amines.

A

True

49
Q

The 5-carbon sugars of a nucleotide are ______ and ______.

A

Ribose (RNA)

Deoxyribose (DNA)

50
Q

(T/F) The phosphate group of a nucleotide are considered organic.

A

False - phosphate groups are inorganic, b/c there are no carbons

51
Q

RNA is a class of ______-_______ nucleic acid, made of ribonucleotides.

A

single-stranded

52
Q

(T/F) DNA strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonding.

A

True

Biochemical Principles (11 decks)

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