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Biochemical Principles > Week 1: Inorganic Chemistry Basics > Flashcards

Week 1: Inorganic Chemistry Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chemistry term which deals with chemistry of atoms?

A

Inorganic chemistry

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2
Q

What is the chemistry term which is deals with the chemistry of carbon?

A

Organic chemistry

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3
Q

Anything named “______” is a single nucleus made of protons and neutrons, with a cloud of orbiting electrons.

A

atom

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4
Q

What specifically in a nucleus determines the element of the atom.

A

count of protons

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5
Q

What is the basic structure of the atom, regardless of which element?

A

nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, in an orbital cloud or shell of electrons

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6
Q

What is the only element without a neutron?

A

Hydrogen

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7
Q

When the electron is stripped away from a hydrogen element, what is it called?

A

Hydrogen ion (also proton or H+)

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8
Q

What are the number of electrons orbiting around the nucleus determined by?

A

chemical properties of that element

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9
Q

What is the characteristic number of electrons lost or gained from the electron cloud of the atom?

A

valence

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10
Q

What is created when 2 or more atoms interact and bind together by electron behaviors?

A

a molecule is formed

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11
Q

What are the electrical charges of a proton, electron and a neutron?

A 
proton = +
electron = -
neutron = no charge
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12
Q

What is the cloud that can have many energetic states called?

A

layers or electron shells

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13
Q

What is the term for a varying neutron count called?

A

isotope

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14
Q

What is the name of the chart of all the elements found in nature and synthetic elements created in nuclear reactors?

A

Periodic Table of Elements

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15
Q

What is the most common loss or gain of electrons from the electron cloud by a particular element?

A

charge state

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16
Q

______ ______ is a general term that describes charge state.

A

valence state

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17
Q

___________ is one of the most important concepts in chemistry.

A

Electroneutrality

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18
Q

What property is taken advantage of in biological systems to create cellular energy?

A

Electroneutrality

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19
Q

What are the 2 powerful/strong kinds of electron behaviors?

A

1) covalent bond

2) ionic bond

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20
Q

Type of bond where electrons are shared freely from one electron cloud to another, bonding an atom to another atom.

A

Covalent bond

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21
Q

Type of bond where charge polarities in molecules create electronic attraction of +/- which link atoms by attraction to their opposite charge.

A

Ionic bond

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22
Q

What molecule is considered a covalent bond?

A

water molecule

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23
Q

What is the most common bond in biochemistry?

A

covalent bond

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24
Q

How adjacent atoms are ionically bound to each other.

A

electrostatic attraction

25
Q

__________ bonds are the most common mild-force weak bonds.

A

Hydrogen

26
Q

What is the most common mild-force weak bond?

A

hydrogen bonding

27
Q

Carbon and chlorine are ___-_______ molecules

A

non-polar

28
Q

Anything with Carbon is going to be ____________ bonded

A

covalently

29
Q

Glucose is a _______________

A

molecule

30
Q

_________________________ are huge numbers of molecules bonded together to form giant molecules

A

Macromolecules

31
Q

Positively charged ions like Na+ or Ca+2 are known as _______

A

cations

32
Q

When an ionic compound dissolves in water and the atoms are distributed throughout the water, but still electrically neutral.

A

dissolution

33
Q

When anions and cations crystallize together these dissolved ionic compounds are called ________

A

salts

34
Q

PH means

A

percent hydrogen

35
Q

Sulfuric acid is a strong acid because it only ________ holds the Hydrogen ions to it

A

weakly

36
Q

Pure water has a ph of _____

A

7

37
Q

T/F DNA is an acid

A

True

38
Q

Sulfuric acid is known as a ________ acid compound

A

simple

39
Q

The Hydroxide ion, OH-, is the most common anion that produces _________ solutions

A

basic

40
Q

When atoms have much less definitive ability to keep a compound bound together.

A

Weak bonds

41
Q

What is one major weak bond?

A

hydrogen bonding

42
Q

What property has a net off-balanced charge - has a positively-charged side and a negatively charged side (having a pole)?

A

polarity

43
Q

What property has a 3-dimentional symmetrical distribution of its atoms, so has a neutral, balanced change due to the balance of its structure (no polarity)?

A

non-polar

44
Q

What commonly used term in chemistry signifies an atom that is dissolved in water and has either a positive or negative charge?

A

ion

45
Q

__________ huge numbers of molecules bonded together to form giant molecules.

A

Macromolecules

46
Q

(T/F) Anything with carbon will be covalently bonded.

A

True

47
Q

When an ionic compound dissolves in water and the atoms is distributed throughout the water, but still electrically neutral.

A

dissolution

48
Q

When a compound determines how easily or how much of the compound will dissolve in water.

A

Dissolution potential

49
Q

(T/F) Covalent molecules also dissolve in water and dissociates.

A

False - Covalent molecules dissolve in water, but do NOTdissociate.

50
Q

(T/F) Life systems are a complex array of polar and non-polar substances and fluids.

A

True

51
Q

The quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent.

A

Solubility

52
Q

What are positively charged ions?

A

cations

53
Q

What are negatively charged ions?

A

anions

54
Q

When anions and cations crystallize together, these dissolved ionic compounds are called?

A

salts

55
Q

What is the acronym pH?

A

percent hydrogen

56
Q

What is the pH of pure water?

A

7

57
Q

What property in the solution has an excess of H+?

A

acid

58
Q

What property in the solution has an excess of negative ions?

A

basic

Biochemical Principles (11 decks)

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