Week 1: Inorganic Chemistry Basics Flashcards
What is the chemistry term which deals with chemistry of atoms?
Inorganic chemistry
What is the chemistry term which is deals with the chemistry of carbon?
Organic chemistry
Anything named “______” is a single nucleus made of protons and neutrons, with a cloud of orbiting electrons.
atom
What specifically in a nucleus determines the element of the atom.
count of protons
What is the basic structure of the atom, regardless of which element?
nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, in an orbital cloud or shell of electrons
What is the only element without a neutron?
Hydrogen
When the electron is stripped away from a hydrogen element, what is it called?
Hydrogen ion (also proton or H+)
What are the number of electrons orbiting around the nucleus determined by?
chemical properties of that element
What is the characteristic number of electrons lost or gained from the electron cloud of the atom?
valence
What is created when 2 or more atoms interact and bind together by electron behaviors?
a molecule is formed
What are the electrical charges of a proton, electron and a neutron?
proton = + electron = - neutron = no charge
What is the cloud that can have many energetic states called?
layers or electron shells
What is the term for a varying neutron count called?
isotope
What is the name of the chart of all the elements found in nature and synthetic elements created in nuclear reactors?
Periodic Table of Elements
What is the most common loss or gain of electrons from the electron cloud by a particular element?
charge state
______ ______ is a general term that describes charge state.
valence state
___________ is one of the most important concepts in chemistry.
Electroneutrality
What property is taken advantage of in biological systems to create cellular energy?
Electroneutrality
What are the 2 powerful/strong kinds of electron behaviors?
1) covalent bond
2) ionic bond
Type of bond where electrons are shared freely from one electron cloud to another, bonding an atom to another atom.
Covalent bond
Type of bond where charge polarities in molecules create electronic attraction of +/- which link atoms by attraction to their opposite charge.
Ionic bond
What molecule is considered a covalent bond?
water molecule
What is the most common bond in biochemistry?
covalent bond
How adjacent atoms are ionically bound to each other.
electrostatic attraction
__________ bonds are the most common mild-force weak bonds.
Hydrogen
What is the most common mild-force weak bond?
hydrogen bonding
Carbon and chlorine are ___-_______ molecules
non-polar
Anything with Carbon is going to be ____________ bonded
covalently
Glucose is a _______________
molecule
_________________________ are huge numbers of molecules bonded together to form giant molecules
Macromolecules
Positively charged ions like Na+ or Ca+2 are known as _______
cations
When an ionic compound dissolves in water and the atoms are distributed throughout the water, but still electrically neutral.
dissolution
When anions and cations crystallize together these dissolved ionic compounds are called ________
salts
PH means
percent hydrogen
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid because it only ________ holds the Hydrogen ions to it
weakly
Pure water has a ph of _____
7
T/F DNA is an acid
True
Sulfuric acid is known as a ________ acid compound
simple
The Hydroxide ion, OH-, is the most common anion that produces _________ solutions
basic
When atoms have much less definitive ability to keep a compound bound together.
Weak bonds
What is one major weak bond?
hydrogen bonding
What property has a net off-balanced charge - has a positively-charged side and a negatively charged side (having a pole)?
polarity
What property has a 3-dimentional symmetrical distribution of its atoms, so has a neutral, balanced change due to the balance of its structure (no polarity)?
non-polar
What commonly used term in chemistry signifies an atom that is dissolved in water and has either a positive or negative charge?
ion
__________ huge numbers of molecules bonded together to form giant molecules.
Macromolecules
(T/F) Anything with carbon will be covalently bonded.
True
When an ionic compound dissolves in water and the atoms is distributed throughout the water, but still electrically neutral.
dissolution
When a compound determines how easily or how much of the compound will dissolve in water.
Dissolution potential
(T/F) Covalent molecules also dissolve in water and dissociates.
False - Covalent molecules dissolve in water, but do NOTdissociate.
(T/F) Life systems are a complex array of polar and non-polar substances and fluids.
True
The quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent.
Solubility
What are positively charged ions?
cations
What are negatively charged ions?
anions
When anions and cations crystallize together, these dissolved ionic compounds are called?
salts
What is the acronym pH?
percent hydrogen
What is the pH of pure water?
7
What property in the solution has an excess of H+?
acid
What property in the solution has an excess of negative ions?
basic
