Week 6 Exam Questions

Question 1

the leading COD after SCI is

Answer 1

pneumonia

Question 2

what happens to the superior and inferior ribs with inhalation

Answer 2

there is a superior and increased AP dimension in the pump handle upper, and a bucket handle in lower, which increases the horizontal dimensions.

Question 3

Levels C1-2 
C3
C4
C5-8
T1-5
T6-12
below T12
on breathing patterns

Answer 3

C1-2 need a vent, because you have nothing
C3: little diaphragm, and acc muscles, still need a vent probably
C4: full diaphragm, but no abs/intercostals
C5-8: full diaphragm and acc muscles, so can weakly cough
T1-5: intercostals, no abs
T6-12: some to most abs
T12 and below, intact, no deficits with breathing

Question 4

what level is the minimum for a weak cough

Answer 4

C5-8

Question 5

how does negative pressure work,

Answer 5

the chest is sucked in, causing inspiration, and when the sucking stop, you exhale

Question 6

what are three causes of dysfunction for breathing

Answer 6

decreased compliance, stiffness in the lungs
muscle weakness
decreased rib mobility.

Question 7

what kind of pressure do you need to generate a forced expiration

Answer 7

hight inter-throacic positive pressure.

Question 8

high flow causes what to happen to the air in the bronchioles and trachea, and what does this mean

Answer 8

causes turbulent flow, which will add sheer stress to the walls, and mobile secretions

Question 9

what is a functional cough

Answer 9

loud and forceful, with 2 or more exhalations

Question 10

what Is a weak functional cough

Answer 10

softer, with 1 exhalation

Question 11

what is a nonfunctional cough

Answer 11

like sighing, or clearing your throat.

Question 12

what happens to SNS and PNS in tetraplegia

Answer 12

SNS is lost, and PNS is unopposed.

Question 13

what happens to HR in tetra

Answer 13

you do not get a normal response to exercise, bradycardia

Question 14

what is the biggest COD in SCI people who survive over 30 years, or who are over the age of 60

Answer 14

CVD

Question 15

in tetra, is there a. normal SNS response

Answer 15

no, which means there is an increase in hypotension

Question 16

does tetra have an increase or decrease arterial pressures, and what does this mean

Answer 16

decreased, means that there is a diminished cardiac ventricular charmer size and function

Question 17

what happens to BP in para

Answer 17

there is a slightly increased BP

Question 18

what is circulatory hyperkinesis

Answer 18

lower blood volume and velocity of blood in the LE, which decreases the control of the vascular endothelium, because there is less flow. This in turn will cause an increased risk of thrombus

Question 19

walk through the steps of AD

Answer 19

first, there is a stimulus, afferent stimulus,
then, you get a SNS response
then you have widespread vasoconstriction,
causes HTN,
the baroreceptors pick up on it,
the HR is slowed
but that deciding signal to decreased HR is blocked.

Question 20

at what level can you get AD

Answer 20

at T6 or above.

Question 21

what are the 3 strikes in response to exercise

Answer 21

there is a reliance on arm exercise, lower limb paralysis and loss of SNS control

Question 22

what should the exercise prescription be for SCI people

Answer 22

50-80%, 3-5x/week for 20 minutes at a time

Question 23

what can we use to gauge intensity if SNS not intact

Answer 23

RPE scale

Question 24

what happens to VO2 peak in SCI

Answer 24

it is really diminished, so some folks don’t even have enough to be able to do daily tasks/demands

Question 25

what happens in TBI to cardiac functioning

Answer 25

there is decreased HR, VO2 and oxygen pulse. so you have a decreased capacity to do exercise, which leads to less fitness

Question 26

after TBI, what happens to VO2 and motor units

Answer 26

less motor units are activated, and it requires more energy to activate the few remaining, so you get more of a need for VO2 but you cannot make up for it.

Question 27

how do fibers change in TBI

Answer 27

they go from I to II, which means from fast to slow. they lose their ability to do aerobic things, switch to anaerobic

Question 28

in what prescription can exercise improve depression

Answer 28

when you exercise at the PAG, with moderate to vigorous intensity, for 3-5 times a week;.

Question 29

at least how many minutes a week do you need to exercise to lower BDI, increase QOL and mental health

Answer 29

at least 90

Question 30

what prescription is needed to improve cognitive function

Answer 30

3x/week, 30 min on treadmill for 12 weeks

Question 31

what does aerobic exercise stimulate, and what is the benefit of this

Answer 31

BDNF, which facilitates motor learning and primes for neuroplasticity

Question 32

need exercise levels to stimulate what

Answer 32

corticosterone levels

Question 33

how should we be exercising people with concussions

Answer 33

after the acute stage, need some activity, but not too much to hurt risk of secondary injury. give cognitive rest in the acute phase too

Question 34

how is the relationship between endurance and handicap

Answer 34

there is an inverse relationship, as one goes up, the other decreases.

Question 35

TF: above T6, HR response will be normal

Answer 35

false, it will not be