Week 6 Exam Questions Flashcards
the leading COD after SCI is
pneumonia
what happens to the superior and inferior ribs with inhalation
there is a superior and increased AP dimension in the pump handle upper, and a bucket handle in lower, which increases the horizontal dimensions.
Levels C1-2 C3 C4 C5-8 T1-5 T6-12 below T12 on breathing patterns
C1-2 need a vent, because you have nothing
C3: little diaphragm, and acc muscles, still need a vent probably
C4: full diaphragm, but no abs/intercostals
C5-8: full diaphragm and acc muscles, so can weakly cough
T1-5: intercostals, no abs
T6-12: some to most abs
T12 and below, intact, no deficits with breathing
what level is the minimum for a weak cough
C5-8
how does negative pressure work,
the chest is sucked in, causing inspiration, and when the sucking stop, you exhale
what are three causes of dysfunction for breathing
decreased compliance, stiffness in the lungs
muscle weakness
decreased rib mobility.
what kind of pressure do you need to generate a forced expiration
hight inter-throacic positive pressure.
high flow causes what to happen to the air in the bronchioles and trachea, and what does this mean
causes turbulent flow, which will add sheer stress to the walls, and mobile secretions
what is a functional cough
loud and forceful, with 2 or more exhalations
what Is a weak functional cough
softer, with 1 exhalation
what is a nonfunctional cough
like sighing, or clearing your throat.
what happens to SNS and PNS in tetraplegia
SNS is lost, and PNS is unopposed.
what happens to HR in tetra
you do not get a normal response to exercise, bradycardia
what is the biggest COD in SCI people who survive over 30 years, or who are over the age of 60
CVD
in tetra, is there a. normal SNS response
no, which means there is an increase in hypotension
does tetra have an increase or decrease arterial pressures, and what does this mean
decreased, means that there is a diminished cardiac ventricular charmer size and function
what happens to BP in para
there is a slightly increased BP
what is circulatory hyperkinesis
lower blood volume and velocity of blood in the LE, which decreases the control of the vascular endothelium, because there is less flow. This in turn will cause an increased risk of thrombus
walk through the steps of AD
first, there is a stimulus, afferent stimulus,
then, you get a SNS response
then you have widespread vasoconstriction,
causes HTN,
the baroreceptors pick up on it,
the HR is slowed
but that deciding signal to decreased HR is blocked.
at what level can you get AD
at T6 or above.
what are the 3 strikes in response to exercise
there is a reliance on arm exercise, lower limb paralysis and loss of SNS control
what should the exercise prescription be for SCI people
50-80%, 3-5x/week for 20 minutes at a time
what can we use to gauge intensity if SNS not intact
RPE scale
what happens to VO2 peak in SCI
it is really diminished, so some folks don’t even have enough to be able to do daily tasks/demands
what happens in TBI to cardiac functioning
there is decreased HR, VO2 and oxygen pulse. so you have a decreased capacity to do exercise, which leads to less fitness
after TBI, what happens to VO2 and motor units
less motor units are activated, and it requires more energy to activate the few remaining, so you get more of a need for VO2 but you cannot make up for it.
how do fibers change in TBI
they go from I to II, which means from fast to slow. they lose their ability to do aerobic things, switch to anaerobic
in what prescription can exercise improve depression
when you exercise at the PAG, with moderate to vigorous intensity, for 3-5 times a week;.
at least how many minutes a week do you need to exercise to lower BDI, increase QOL and mental health
at least 90
what prescription is needed to improve cognitive function
3x/week, 30 min on treadmill for 12 weeks
what does aerobic exercise stimulate, and what is the benefit of this
BDNF, which facilitates motor learning and primes for neuroplasticity
need exercise levels to stimulate what
corticosterone levels
how should we be exercising people with concussions
after the acute stage, need some activity, but not too much to hurt risk of secondary injury. give cognitive rest in the acute phase too
how is the relationship between endurance and handicap
there is an inverse relationship, as one goes up, the other decreases.
TF: above T6, HR response will be normal
false, it will not be
