Week 5.1 Postural Control

Question 1

postural control

Answer 1

controlling the bodies position in space for stability and orientation

Question 2

postural orientation

Answer 2

ability to maintain appropriate relationship between body segments and between the body and the environment

Question 3

postural stability

Answer 3

ability to control the COM in relation to the BOS

Question 4

what two things make up postural control

Answer 4

stability and orientation

Question 5

what is the COM

Answer 5

point at the center of the total body mass

Question 6

COG

Answer 6

vertical projection of the COM

Question 7

BOS:

Answer 7

area of the body that is in contact with the supporting surface

Question 8

COP

Answer 8

the center of the distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface.

Question 9

all tasks require _____- so every task has what two components

Answer 9

postural control
stability
orientation

Question 10

PC is the interaction between what 3 things

Answer 10

task, individual enviro

Question 11

what 3 pieces fit into the individual part

Answer 11

motor
sensory
cognition

Question 12

how does motor relate to PC

Answer 12

MSK and muscle synergies

Question 13

how does sensory fit in with PC

Answer 13

your sensory system and the organization

Question 14

how does cognition fit in with PC

Answer 14

strategies, responses, resources, attention, motivation and intent, and also the ability to adapt to a changing situation based on past experiences

Question 15

what three things in the environment affect PC

Answer 15

support surfaces
sensory context
cognitive load (multiple tasks at once)

Question 16

attention for postural tasks may do what to a second task

Answer 16

reduce performance of a second task

Question 17

complex secondary tasks can ________ of concurrently performed postural tasks

Answer 17

reduce performance

Question 18

can attention in some secondary tasks improve PC

Answer 18

yes, but how

Question 19

steady state

Answer 19

ability to keep COM in the BOS in non changing conditions

Question 20

proactive

Answer 20

anticipatory and feedforward, activating muscles to keep balance when displaced.

Question 21

reactive:

Answer 21

ability to recover when a perturbation happens

Question 22

how does body alignment contribute to PC

Answer 22

minimizes gravity when you are stacked on your bones and joint.

Question 23

muscle tone and contribution to PC

Answer 23

allows the body from collapsing due to the forces of gravity

Question 24

postural tone and PC

Answer 24

keeps body from collapsing

Question 25

when might someone use an ankle strategy

Answer 25

firm surface, small perturbations

Question 26

when might someone use a hip strategy

Answer 26

on a smaller, more pliable surface with a larger and faster perturbation

Question 27

what are the two changing in support recoveries of balance

Answer 27

step

reach to grasp

Question 28

what is stepping

Answer 28

when there is rapid movement, and you put your foot under the falling COM

Question 29

what always precedes a stepping change in support

Answer 29

a M/L anticipatory postural adjustment

Question 30

how does the CNS prevent instability

Answer 30

activates synergistic muscles at mechanically related joints

Question 31

what are the postural contributions for controlling postural orientation and stability

Answer 31

tonically active extensor muscles, antigravity muscles, for support in orientation

Question 32

what is the brainstem contribution to postural orientation and stability

Answer 32

the brainstem controls the level of postural control, vestibular and autonomic synergies

Question 33

what is the contribution of the BG and cerebellum to postural orientation and stability

Answer 33

BG: postural set (ability to quickly change muscle patters)
Cerebellum: control of adaptation, and the ability to modify postural muscle amplitude