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Neuromuscular Practice > Week 3 Visual Dysfunction > Flashcards

Week 3 Visual Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

how often does someone in the United States become permanently blind

A

every 7 minutes

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2
Q

Definition of blind

A

central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with best correction, or field limited to less than 20 degrees

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3
Q

definition of partially sighted or low vision

A

visual acuity better than 20/200 but less than 20/70 in better eye with best correction

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4
Q

how do blind people learn

A

through tactile or auditory materials

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5
Q

how do partially sighted or low vision people learn

A

enlarged print, optic aids like a magnifying glass or lens

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6
Q

decrease vision loss with AIDS

A

35-75% of AIDS patients have vision loss, can be totally blind. Early diagnosis is good, but vision loss is a late complication of AIDS

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7
Q

Anopsia

A

lack of vision in an eye, due to the interruption of an optic nerve

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8
Q

what is cortical visual impairment

A

cortical blindness, which is damage to the visual cortex.

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9
Q

does the eye show pathology in cortical blindness? what is the physiology

A

no, it is neurologic damage. The signal isn’t reaching the brain, or there is a hindered organization or decoding of information when it reaches the brain

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10
Q

TF: you may be able to get some degree of functional vision if vision stimulation is provided in cortical blindness

A

true

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11
Q

what is diabetic retinopathy

A

proliferation of blood vessels may cause hemorrhaging into the vitreous or scar formation of the retina.

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12
Q

when do vision problems start to occur in people with diabetes

A

20 years after the onset of the diabetes

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13
Q

can vision problems worsen if diabetes is uncontrolled

A

yes

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14
Q

what does diabetic retinopathy look like (if you were the patient)

A

black spots showing up in the visual fields or areas.

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15
Q

what is glaucoma, caused by what

A

increased pressure in the eye, from faulty drainage of the eye

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16
Q

what happens if pressure in the eye continues

A

decreased blood supply so the peripheral retinal cells die, and the optic nerve may be damaged.

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17
Q

what are symptoms of glaucoma

A
  • poor night vision
  • halos around lights
  • fear of light/ sensitivity (photophobia)
  • loss of contrast
  • kids: tearing, sensitivity and spasming eye lids
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18
Q

what will the patient see if they have glaucoma

A

peripheral vision is lost, and a dark ring around their field of vision

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19
Q

what is hemianopia

A

interruption of the optic tract, resulting in loss of vision on one side of the visual field, in both eyes. so… images from only 1/2 of each eye will reach the brain. Only receives half-fields for each eye

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20
Q

when do we see hemianopia

A

in CVA/stroke

21
Q

is there a treatment for hemianopia? what can we do

A

no treatment, we want to alleviate the cause (tumor or bleeding)

22
Q

can we improve visual field loses in hemianopia

A

maybe with prisms

23
Q

what is the most common hemianopia

A

right homonymous hemianopia (occurs in corresponding halves of the right visual field

24
Q

what other kinds of hemianopia are there

A

left homonymous hemianopia (left visual fields)
superior hemianopia (upper field)
inferior hemianopia (lower field)
outer halves of the fields (bitemporal hemianopsia)

25
Q

what happens to vision with brain stem strokes

A 
ocular motility issues
diplopia 
oscillopsia 
visual distortions 
paralysis of conjugate gaze
26
Q

what two things must we differentiate with vision after a stroke

A

homonymous hemianopsia

neglect

27
Q

is neglect a visual or perception problem

A

perception

28
Q

can we treat both visual problems and neglect with scanning compensation

A

no, because you are not aware you have the neglect

29
Q

nystagmus

A

oscillation of the eyes, movements that are jerky or slow, and decreased acuity because they cannot maintain a steady fixation

30
Q

what happens with a farsighted (hyperopic) eye. symptoms?

A

the eyeball is too small, and light rays focus behind the fovea of the retina. may not want to read, may rub eyes, HA, dizzy, nausea.

31
Q

what happens with a nearsighted (myopic eye). Symptoms?

A

eyeball is too long, and light rays focus before they reach the fovea. So you squint and frown.

32
Q

What is astigmatism

A

irregular curvature of the cornea, causes visual fatigue, HA, frowning and squinting.

33
Q

what is presbyopia

A

when the lens is less flexible and less able to accommodate for near point viewing. Middle age this happens

34
Q

TF: refractive errors tend to be inherited?

A

true

35
Q

what are some variables of the eye that can cause refractive errors

A

size, shape of cornea, shape of lens

36
Q

what are the treatments of refractive errors in the absence of disease

A

glasses, contacts, lasik

37
Q

can eye exercises help refractive errors

A

no

38
Q

what is retinitis pigmentosa

A

hereditary, progressive retinal deterioration, and a slow progressive field loss

39
Q

what does retinitis pigmentosa affect first, rods or cones? what can this lead to

A

rods, causes night blindness

40
Q

what can retinitis pigmentosa lead to (vision wise)

A

tunnel vision

41
Q

what is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

A

retrolental fibroplasia (RFL). occurs in premies that get high or prolonged oxygen. it is the proliferation of blood vessels and fibrous tissue through the retina and vitreous, stretches the retina, and can cause a retinal detachment. can have scattered vision

42
Q

what is strabismus. when can it occur

A

deviation in position of one or both eyes due to muscle imbalance. can at certain distances or time

43
Q

what is amblyopia

A

lazy eye, (a characteristic of strabismus)

44
Q

TF: strabismus can be corrected with surgery, visual training (patching or eye exercises) or injecting paralyzing drugs into the muscles involved.

A

true

45
Q

what are the three types of strabismus and which is the most common, least common

A

estropia (most common)
extropia
hypertropia (least)

46
Q

estropia

A

deviation of the eye towards the nose.

47
Q

extropia

A

deviation of one eye outward

48
Q

hypertropia

A

deviation of one eye upwards, and is the least common

Neuromuscular Practice (40 decks)

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