Week 3.10 Ataxia Flashcards
what does an ataxic gait look like
like you are drunk!
damage to the ____ causes ataxia
cerebellum
the cerebellum is responsible for
coordinating movement
what does the cerebellum compare
the intended output and actual movement
what does the cerebellum do in preparation of movement
it makes predictive and anticipatory modifications
the cerebellum has a huge role in motor…
learning
TF: the cerebellum learns, memorizes and stores motor programs
true
what is so important about the role of adaptation in the cerebellum
the cerebellum must adapt to the changing environment, and the speed of the changing environment.
TF the cerebellum controls balance and equilibrium
true
TF: the cerebellum does not control motor tone
false, it does
the cerebellum makes sure movement has what 4 things
direction
extent
force and timing
how does the cerebellum affect speech and eye movements
responsible for all of those !
what are some signs and symptoms of cerebellum infarct, and what side of the lesion
nausea, vomit, ataxia, nystagmus, headache all ipsilateral to the lesion
what happens in a lateral lesion and a vermin/flocculonodule lesion
lateral: limb ataxia
vermis and flocculonodule: more midline, so the drunk gait.
name some things that result from cerebellar dysfunction
disorganized movements impaired balance and postural control hypotonicity dysmetria decomposition ataxia dysdiadochokinesia tremor asthenia dysarthria occular dysmetria
what are some acquired mechanisms of cerebellar damage
stroke, tumor, structural changes, toxicity (alcohol drugs), immune mediated (MS, Gluten), trauma, infection (cerebellitis) or endocrine (hypothyroidism)
what are some degenerative non-hereditary causes of cerebellar damage
MSA
idiopathic late onset cerebellar ataxia.
what are some hereditary causes of cerebellar damage
autosomal dominant disorders (like episodic of spinocerebellar ataxia's) autosomal recessive (Friedrich, early onset cerebellar) X-linked disorders (mitochondrial, fragile X associated tremors)
define/describe ataxia
without order, incoordination, slurred speech, stumbling, falling, incoordination, trouble eating and swallowing, eye movement abnormalities, tremors, cardiac issues
what are 3 traditional function and activity outcome measures
FIM
Balance/postural control measures
gait speed
what are 2 ataxia specific outcome measures
International cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS)
Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA)
TF: there is a lot of evidence for treatment of ataxia
false
what do we treat in patients with ataxia
the symptoms
what kinds of things can we treat in patients
postural stability
gait
balance
accuracy of limb movements
do we do an intensive long or short term motor training
long term
what should the HEP focus on
static and dynamic balance activities like sitting standing and walking
TF: there is a lot of evidence for BW supported treadmill training
false, not much evidence
can we use biofeedback in patients with ataxia
yes, like a mirror, EMG, or do it in a small space so they can bump into things
do we want to increase or decreases DOF, and how
decrease, by adding an AD, resistance, kneeling, 1/2 kneeling
activity should focus on what 3 things
stability
co-contraction
midrange control
can we use resisted movements
yes
what are some compensatory strategies
slow it down , reduce the number of moving segments widen BOS minimal distractions weighting axial and limb AD orthotics (decrease DOF)
