WEEK 6: 6.5 Skeleton & Bone tissue Flashcards
What does the axial body refer to?
Centre body mass (midline)- head, neck and trunk
What does appendicular body refer to?
Limbs of the trunk- arms and legs
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
it forms the central longitudinal axis
includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum and sacrum
80 bones in total
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
the pectora and pelvic girdles
upper and lower limbs
126 bones in total
As we get older, why do we have fewer bones?
Because the bones have fused together since we were a child
What are the 6 main functions of the human skeleton?
- to protect (1) and support (2) (rigid structural framework) internal organs/tissues
- facilitate movement of the body
- store minerals: homeostasis and ionic balance
- produce blood cells (red bone marrow)
- to store fat (yellow bone marrow)
What enables stability and movement in the skeleton?
skeletal muscles
How do skeletal muscles enable movement?
at joints by pulling the bone
Bones are made of what kind of material?
organic & inorganic material
Examples of organic material includes
collagen fibres produced by the body
The bones can also receive inorganic substances from the body through diet and development, this includes
calcium and phosphorus
What is bone remodelling?
a continuous process in which old bone is broken down/taken away by the body and replaced with new bone
What is bone marrow
a dynamic semi-solid tissue found within bone
red marrow contains and is located in?
it contains a high number of haematopoetic stem cells for RBC formation, and is located in the trabecular bone
yellow marrow contains and is located in?
it contains a high number of adipocytes (fat cells) for energy/fat storage and is located in medullary cavity of long bones
What are the 5 different types of bones?
- long bones
- short
-flat - sesamoid
- irregular
What are long bones?
They are cylindrical in shape and longer than they are wide
Include phalanges, ulna, femur and metacarpals
- their main purpose is motility and movement
What are short bones?
- cube-like shape, equal in dimension
- carpals and tarsals
- used for stability and keeping structure
What are flat bones?
thin; curved
- protection and movement
- scapula
What are sesamoid bones?
- small, ball like
- patellae
-protection for tendons
What are irregular bones?
complex, no clear characteristic shape
- protection of organs
- vertebrae
