Week 5: Neuro Anatomy & Physiology- CNS Functional areas; CNS Protective structures Flashcards
In humans, the cerebral cortex is classified as the?
Neocortex
Why is the neocortex consisting of gyri and sulci foldings?
Increase surface area and allow the neocortex to perform more higher order functions
What layer of the brain is the cerebral cortex?
Outermost layer of the brain
What fissure divides the left and right of the cerebral cortex?
longitudinal fissure
what can the shape formed when grey matter and white matter take up space in the brain be called?
cortical ribbons
What is grey matter made up of?
cell bodies, dendrites and synapses
How many layers of the cerebral cortex?
6 (laminar structure)
Can neuronal population and density of these layers vary?
Yes, depending on part of the brain and function
What is another element to the cerebral cortex that contributes to its complex circuitry?
Main cortical cells (pyramidal cells)
What do the organized series of connected neurons form?
a circuit
What is a circuit/column’s function?
They are considered functional units of the cortex, that interact with other columns as a network
Columns extend from ___ layers to ___ layers
Superficial cortical , deep
What are the different cortical fibre types?
commissural fibers, association fibers, projection fibers
What does a commissural fiber do
Connect two cerebral hemispheres
give an example of a commissural fiber
corpus callosum
what are the different sections of the corpus callosum?
rostrum, genu, body, splenium
What does association fiber do?
Connect various parts within the same hemisphere eg. gyrus to gyrus and lobe to lobe, appear U shaped
What is an example of an association fibre?
Cingulum
What is the function of projection fibres?
it connects the cerebral cortex with subcortical regions, like the brainstem and spinal cord
what is an example of a projection fibre?
corona radiata, internal capsule
What is the function of the insular lobe?
sensorimotor, olfacto-gustatory, socio emotional, cognition
Name two different types of association areas in the brain
- Unimodal
-Hetero-modal - Higher order information processing
What 52 sections is the neocortex classified by known as?
Brodmann’s Areas
What is BA 1,2,3
The primary sensory cortex (parietal lobe)
What is BA 4
primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
What is BA 22
Speech comprehension (Wernicke’s area)
What is BA 44
Speech production (Broca’s area)
What is BA 17
primary visual cortex (occipital lobe)
What is BA 41
primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)
What structures are involved in the protection of the CNS?
- The skeleton
- The skull
- vertebral column
- meninges
- cerebrospinal fluid
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater
Dura Mater description?
- toughest, closest layer to the skull, dense
- 2 layers including the periosteal and meningeal
Arachnoid Mater description?
- Comes after dura Mater, consists of filament projections and CSF reabsoprtion site
What is directly below the arachnoid mater?
subarachnoid space
What is the final layer of the brain?
Pia mater
soft, delicate layer
adheres to the surface of the brain
Where is CSF
it surrounds the brain and the spinal cord
What is the purpose of CSF
Mechanical protection, including buoyancy, shock absorbing and liquid cushioning
as well as exchanging nutrients, removing wastes and communication
What is CSF nourished by?
oxygen and glucose
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ?
ependymal cells
Why is CSF considered a filtrate?
It contains glucose, oxygen, vitamins and ions, but removes wastes and unnecessary solutes absorbed
The filtration of blood through the ependymal cells is considered the generation of ___
CSF
