WEEK 4: The upper respiratory tract Flashcards
The respiratory tract can be divided into?
the upper airways and lower airways
What does the upper airways consist of?
nose, pharynx, larynx
What is the pharynx
part of the digestive tract and part of the airways, situated behind the oral/nasal cavity
what are the 3 different parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx , oropharynx, laryngopharynx
the nasopharynx is from _ to _
chronae to soft palate
oropharynx is between _ and _
palate and the superior border epiglottis
laryngopharynx connects _ and _
oropharynx and esophagus
What are the functions of the nasal cavity
filtering of particles, humidification, sense of smell, conduction of air
what is the nasal cavity composed of?
bones
cartilage
muscosa (tissue that secretes mucus)
nerves and vessels
what is the function of the septum
it divides the nasal cavity
septum is made up of?
cartilage and bones
What can be seen once the septum is removed?
- 3 conchae
- 3 meatuses
- cranial nerve in the roof
- paranasal sinuses connected to lateral walls
-nasolacrimal duct which ends at inferior meatus
what are the 3 conchae
superior, middle and inferior
why do we have conchae
to increase the surface area - faster exchange of humidity and heat and air can be circulated well
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
- frontal sinus
- maxillary sinus
-ethmoidal cells
-sphenoid sinus
what is the sinus
a cavity
why do we have the sinus
to reduce the weight of the skull & use for voice
what is the sinus connected to?
the nasal cavity
connection of the paranasal sinus are to the
maxillary sinus
ethmoidal cells
pharyngeal tonsil is an
accumulation of lymphatic tissue
the pharyngeal tonsil has a connection to the
middle ear through the pharyngo-tymapnic tube
an enlarged pharyngeal tonsil is referred to an
adenoid
The hyoid bone connects the larynx and -pharynx and mandible via the
membranes and muscles
if we look into our oral cavity, we cna see the posterior wall of the?
oropharynx
hyoid bone can be considered
‘free floating’ not connected to other bones
the pharynx is made up of
muscles, including pharyngeal constrictor muscles - superior, middle and inferior muscles
function of larynx
- protects when swallowing by separating the airways and digestive tract
- protects lower airways
-conduction of air
-phonation (voice box)
larynx consists primarily of?
cartilage
but also consists of muscles, ligaments, membranes and supplied by nerves and vessels
what are the different cartilages that make up the oropharynx and larynx?
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
what is the thyroid cartilage
it is the largest cartilage in the larynx, which is connected to the cricoid cartilage, epiglottis and vocal ligaments, it causes a deeper voice in males than females
what is cricoid cartilage
another cartilage in the larynx, with a signet ring structure that is connected to the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages
arytenoid cartilages control
how much air we can breathe in
air travels to the lung via a small triangular opening called the?
rima glottidis
the rima glottitis changes it shape with the help of
muscles:
the posterior crico arytenoid (opens the rima glottitis)
what equipment is used in tracheal intubation?
cuff inflation tube and endotracheal tube and a laryngoscope
