WEEK 4: The upper respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory tract can be divided into?

A

the upper airways and lower airways

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2
Q

What does the upper airways consist of?

A

nose, pharynx, larynx

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3
Q

What is the pharynx

A

part of the digestive tract and part of the airways, situated behind the oral/nasal cavity

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4
Q

what are the 3 different parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx , oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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5
Q

the nasopharynx is from _ to _

A

chronae to soft palate

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6
Q

oropharynx is between _ and _

A

palate and the superior border epiglottis

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7
Q

laryngopharynx connects _ and _

A

oropharynx and esophagus

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8
Q

What are the functions of the nasal cavity

A

filtering of particles, humidification, sense of smell, conduction of air

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9
Q

what is the nasal cavity composed of?

A

bones
cartilage
muscosa (tissue that secretes mucus)
nerves and vessels

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10
Q

what is the function of the septum

A

it divides the nasal cavity

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11
Q

septum is made up of?

A

cartilage and bones

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12
Q

What can be seen once the septum is removed?

A
  • 3 conchae
  • 3 meatuses
  • cranial nerve in the roof
  • paranasal sinuses connected to lateral walls
    -nasolacrimal duct which ends at inferior meatus
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13
Q

what are the 3 conchae

A

superior, middle and inferior

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14
Q

why do we have conchae

A

to increase the surface area - faster exchange of humidity and heat and air can be circulated well

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15
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal sinus
  • maxillary sinus
    -ethmoidal cells
    -sphenoid sinus
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16
Q

what is the sinus

17
Q

why do we have the sinus

A

to reduce the weight of the skull & use for voice

18
Q

what is the sinus connected to?

A

the nasal cavity

19
Q

connection of the paranasal sinus are to the

A

maxillary sinus
ethmoidal cells

20
Q

pharyngeal tonsil is an

A

accumulation of lymphatic tissue

21
Q

the pharyngeal tonsil has a connection to the

A

middle ear through the pharyngo-tymapnic tube

22
Q

an enlarged pharyngeal tonsil is referred to an

23
Q

The hyoid bone connects the larynx and -pharynx and mandible via the

A

membranes and muscles

24
Q

if we look into our oral cavity, we cna see the posterior wall of the?

A

oropharynx

25
hyoid bone can be considered
'free floating' not connected to other bones
26
the pharynx is made up of
muscles, including pharyngeal constrictor muscles - superior, middle and inferior muscles
27
function of larynx
- protects when swallowing by separating the airways and digestive tract - protects lower airways -conduction of air -phonation (voice box)
28
larynx consists primarily of?
cartilage but also consists of muscles, ligaments, membranes and supplied by nerves and vessels
29
what are the different cartilages that make up the oropharynx and larynx?
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
30
what is the thyroid cartilage
it is the largest cartilage in the larynx, which is connected to the cricoid cartilage, epiglottis and vocal ligaments, it causes a deeper voice in males than females
31
what is cricoid cartilage
another cartilage in the larynx, with a signet ring structure that is connected to the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages
32
arytenoid cartilages control
how much air we can breathe in
33
air travels to the lung via a small triangular opening called the?
rima glottidis
34
the rima glottitis changes it shape with the help of
muscles: the posterior crico arytenoid (opens the rima glottitis)
35
what equipment is used in tracheal intubation?
cuff inflation tube and endotracheal tube and a laryngoscope