week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main topic of the lecture?

A

Protein structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many genes are present in the human DNA sequence?

A

About 25,000 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What determines the specific proteins produced in different cell types?

A

Gene activation and RNA transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many different cell types are there in the human body?

A

200 different cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the human protein atlas?

A

The complete set of proteins found in different tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the primary functions of proteins?

A
  • Biochemical reactions
  • Cell shape
  • Movement of cells
  • Organization of cells
  • Manufacturing cellular products
  • Waste management
  • Receiving signals and executing responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 20 building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What term is used for a sequence of less than 50 amino acids?

A

Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the chemical bond responsible for protein formation?

A

Peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four levels of protein structure?

A
  • Primary structure
  • Secondary structure
  • Tertiary structure
  • Quaternary structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

The sequence of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What forms the secondary structure of proteins?

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What types of structures can the secondary structure of proteins form?

A
  • Alpha-helix
  • Beta-pleated sheet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What defines the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

Three-dimensional spatial organization and various bonds between side chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a disulfide bond?

A

Covalent linkages between sulfur groups in cysteine side chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

A

Multiple polypeptides or protein subunits forming a final active protein structure

17
Q

What are some common protein modifications?

A
  • Phosphorylation
  • Glycosylation
  • Ubiquitination
  • Acetylation
18
Q

What is the role of structural proteins?

A

Maintain internal cell shape and structure

19
Q

What are the main muscle proteins involved in contraction?

A
  • Actin
  • Myosin
20
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the human body?

21
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

A disease caused by mutations in collagen type one, resulting in weak bones

22
Q

What are the three types of cytoskeletal proteins?

A
  • Actin filaments
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microtubules
23
Q

What is the function of histones?

A

Package DNA into nucleosomes and regulate DNA processes

24
Q

What do transcription factors do?

A

Control the process of transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences

25
Q

What is a common structural feature of many transcription factors?

A

Zinc finger structure

26
Q

True or False: Proteins are only involved in structural functions within the cell.