Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of vision loss does macular degeneration present with?

A

central vision loss, can see drusen. bilateral

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2
Q

anterior spinal cord syndrome signs

A

loss pain and temperature, motor weakness, but preserved propioception

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3
Q

if a patient has two different types of headaches what should you do

A

get an MRI

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4
Q

what is a big cause of hypercalcemia

A

sarcoid!!

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5
Q

what do patients typically have with lupus!

A

antiphospholipid syndrome and causes strokes!

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6
Q

what is the genetic mutation in Rett syndrome

A

MECP2

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7
Q

what is a real-time quaking induced conversion test for

A

CJD

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8
Q

describe what a cerebral venous sinus occlusion looks lie

A

this is similar to IIH but with focal neurological findings too

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9
Q

if the pupillary response is NOT preserved in a cranial nerve III palsy, what is going on

A

likely an aneurysm so patients need a CT angio

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10
Q

what is autonomic dysreflexia

A

this is when a patient has a complete spinal cord injury and they have overdrive of sympathetic activity below the lesion. a noxious response (like overdistended bladder) can cause overdrive of sympathetic activity which causes them to have super high blood pressure

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11
Q

describe multiple system atrophy

A

this is when the patient exhibits parkinsons like symptoms but also has early autonomic failure, early postural instability, and cerebellar findings

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12
Q

which way does the arm go in pronator drift for cerebellar dysfunction

A

it goes up!

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13
Q

which way does the arm go in lower motor neuron dysfunction

A

it goes down

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14
Q

what can topical glucocorticoids cause (eye)

A

they can cause both cataracts and glaucoma

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15
Q

what exam looks at intraocular pressure

A

tonometry

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16
Q

how do you diagnose open angle glaucoma

17
Q

what are signs of glaucoma

A

peripheral vision loss, headaches, impaired adaption to darkness

18
Q

what does retinal vein occlusion look like on fundoscopy

A

cotton wool spots, papilledema, venous dilation and torsions

19
Q

how do you diagnose a retinal vein occlusion

A

you do retinal vein angiography

20
Q

how do you diagnose retinal artery occlusion

A

mostly a clinical diagnosis but you can check carotid doppler and do cerebral angio

21
Q

what is mononeuritis multiplex

A

this is when you have multiple noncontiguous neuropathies that are not connected to one nerve

22
Q

what is usually the cause of mononeuritis multiplex

A

a vasculitis is the normal cause

23
Q

time course of stroke depending on etiology

A

thrombotic: fluctuating
embolic: immediate decline and then levels off
hemorrhagic: progressive decline

24
Q

how does meningovascular syphilis present

A

typically subacute meningeal symptoms for like 2 weeks and then stroke signs follow (typically in the middle cerebral artery)

25
what does subacute combined combined degeneration do for spasticity
you are typically spastic due to demyelination of the lcst and hyperreflexic
26
can CIDP have sensory neuropathy too
yes! rare, and more distal like the toes or fingers
27
if you have a lesion to the cerebellum where does the ataxia occur
ipsilateral to the lesion