Deck 5

Question 1

bone deformities in babies with congenital syph

Answer 1

metaphyseal erosions, lucencies and periosteitis

Question 2

when do children get the MMR vaccine

Answer 2

first dose 1 yr, second dose 4yrs

Question 3

signs of rubella

Answer 3

fever and cephalocaudal maculopapular rash

Question 4

tethered cord reflexes

Answer 4

hyporeflexia

Question 5

atlantoaxial instability signs

Answer 5

hyperreflexia, urinary accidents, etc.

Question 6

patients that can have atlantoaxial instability

Answer 6

down syndrome

Question 7

when do the electrolyte changes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia show

Answer 7

1-2 weeks later

Question 8

presentations of placental aromatase deficiency

Answer 8

both maternal and infant virulization

Question 9

what are testosterone levels like in infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 9

elevated! bc the 17-hydroxy gets converted to testosterone

Question 10

signs of transfusion overload

Answer 10

respiratory distress, increased HR, increased BP, pulmonary edema

Question 11

treatment of transfusion overload

Answer 11

furosemide

Question 12

what is first line management of eneuresis

Answer 12

urinalysis

Question 13

which type of leukemia can have a mediastinal mass

Answer 13

T-ALL

Question 14

what is constitutional small growth

Answer 14

this is when babies are just small bc their parents were also small

Question 15

describe the growth patterns seen in fetal growth restriction

Answer 15

can be symmetric or asymmetric where the head and length are normal but the weight is <3rd percentile

Question 16

what causes fetal growth restriction

Answer 16

placental insufficiency

Question 17

timing of insult that causes asymmetric vs. symmetric FGR

Answer 17

asymmetric is typically later in like 2nd or third trimester, symmetric is earlier in first semester

Question 18

signs of tularemia

Answer 18

cough, fever, malaise, ulcers, tender lymphadenopathy

Question 19

causes of unilateral cervical lymphadenitis

Answer 19

anaerobic bacteria from dental caries, bartonella, tularemia, staph and strep

Question 20

in bartonella what are the features

Answer 20

cervical lymphadenitis and a scratch elsewhere

Question 21

antibiotic therapy for cervical lymphadenitis

Answer 21

clinda!

Question 22

what is considered hepatomegaly in a neonate

Answer 22

> 3cm below costal margin

Question 23

risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 23

ABO incompatiblitly, cephalohematoma, coombs neg hemolysis, polycythemia

Question 24

what are pulses like in aortic coarc

Answer 24

they are normal or elevated in arms and low in femoral/foot pulses

Question 25

what is giong on if an infant has lower oxygen sat in their foot compared to hand

Answer 25

they have a R to L shunt somewhere

Question 26

pathophys behind persisitent pulmonary hypertension in the neonate

Answer 26

persistence of fetal circulation I.e. increased pulmonary vascular resistance

Question 27

where do you hear HOCM

Answer 27

in the tricuspid area

Question 28

what causes the murmur in hocm

Answer 28

its the motion of the mitral leaflet hitting the enlarged LV septum

Question 29

treatment of bronchiolitis

Answer 29

supportive care only

Question 30

characteristics of the throat in infectious mono

Answer 30

exudative (+/-) pharyngitis

Question 31

what happens if you give someone with mono amoxicillin

Answer 31

they develop a rash

Question 32

management of children with vesicouretal reflux

Answer 32

prophylactic antibiotics

Question 33

how do you get aplastic anemia

Answer 33

after infections like hepatitis, EBV, HIV etc. or it can be idiopathic

Question 34

PEP for gonorrhea exposure

Answer 34

ceftriaxone (for the gonn) and doxy for chlamydia coinfection

Question 35

what is the anemia like in spherocytosis

Answer 35

it is normocytic normochromic

Question 36

what is the anemia like in sickle cell

Answer 36

normocytic normochromic

Question 37

signs of bone breakage

Answer 37

swelling, pain, no erythema, crepitus

Question 38

CBC findings of a child with pertussis

Answer 38

lyphocytic pleocytosis

Question 39

signs of hypoglycemia in the neonate

Answer 39

jitteriness, macrosmnia

Question 40

signs of charcot marie tooth

Answer 40

distal muscle weakness and atrophy, hyporeflexia, sensory deficits, hammar toes, scoliosis, etc.

Question 41

what is happening if a child has mulitple infections AND cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer 41

HIV!

Question 42

ECG signs of supraventricular tachy

Answer 42

narrowed QRS complex

Question 43

why does meconium cause pulmonary issues in newborns

Answer 43

it causes persistent pulm hypertension aka the pulmonary vessels dont dilate and then not enough blood is giong to them to get oxygen

Question 44

treatment of x linked agamma

Answer 44

monthly IVIG infusions

Question 45

xray of transient tachypnea of the newborn

Answer 45

fluid levels in fissures, prominent pulmonary vascular markings and a flat diaphragm

Question 46

signs of foreign body aspiration

Answer 46

acute onset of difficulty breathing, asymmetric lung inflation, no change with albuterol

Question 47

first step in managing a child with poor weight gain

Answer 47

diet diary with calorie counts and then fecal examination

Question 48

complications of obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 48

pulmonary HTN in a child

Question 49

managment of obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 49

get a polysomnogram, then do a tonsil/adenoidemtomy

Question 50

signs of pulmonary hypertension in a child

Answer 50

RVH due to having to compress so hard against a tense system

Question 51

if a mothers HBV status is unknown what is the management

Answer 51

you give the vax but wait to give IVIG until serology comes back

Question 52

management of septic shock

Answer 52

1) blood cultures 2) empiric antibiotics 3)normal saline 4) if BP does not improve, epinephrine

Question 53

if all the guts are on one side in a barium xray, waht does that indicate

Answer 53

malrotaion

Question 54

what is starvation ketosis

Answer 54

this is where the child is severely dehyrated likely secondary to GI illness and they develop a ketosis due to lack of caloric intake

Question 55

initial eval of children with language development issue

Answer 55

audiometry

Question 56

causes of non anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 56

diarrhea, RTA type 1

Question 57

what does torsion of the appendicular testis present as

Answer 57

blue dot/contusion in the scrotal sack, unilateral scrotal pain, close to regular testicular torsion

Question 58

if a patient has anti thyroglobulin antibodies what is the dx

Answer 58

hashimotos!

Question 59

can hashimotos have normal TSH and T4 levels

Answer 59

definitely, even in the early stage