Deck 6 Flashcards
treatment of CO poisoning
oxygen
treatment of cyanide poisoning
cobalamin or nitrites
if a male has precocious puberty but normal sized testes what is the etiology
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
what causes the testicals to increase in size
FSH
congenital adrenal hyperplasia in an XX fetus
precoscoius puberty, virulization
next steps in a baby with increased TSH on heel stick
measure an actual TSH and T4
signs of spinal muscular atrophy
fasiculations, hypotonia, loss of reflexes
what part of the spinal cord does spinal muscular atrophy affect
the anterior horn so LMNs
if a patient has low levels of progesterone in the luteal phase what happened
they did not ovulate
what is a hallmark of anovulatory cycles
heavy menstrual bleeding because there is no progesterone to maintain the endometrium and the follicles are still secreting estrogen so the endometrium still proliferates
management of ovarian cysts
typically just observation
what type of acid/base disturbance does aspirin overdose cause initilaly
respiratory alkalosis
what type of acid/base disturbance does aspirin overdose cause later in the course
elevated anion gap acidosis
treatment of aspirin OD
sodium bicarb
where do you hear VSD
left sternal border
what do you see on xray of a VSD
cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascular markings due to increased blood going from L-R and causing hypertorphy of the pulm smooth muscle
signs of alveolar collapse (atelectasis) on xray
decreased breath sounds in conjunction with focal haziness
how do you treat severe hyperkalemia
calcium chloride
causes of SIADH
trauma, infection, tumor, stroke
volume depletion effect on sodium levels
hypernatremia
ACE inhibitors effect on the kidney
they cause dilation of the efferent arteriole which causes decreased GFR
ACE inhibitors effect on aldosterone secretion
these cause decreased aldosterone which then causes hyperkalemia because of K retention
volvulus xray findings
multiple dilated loops of bowel and air fluid levels
in a sickle cell crisis, what is the cardiac output like?
it is elevated to help with oxygenation of peripheral tissues
what are asplenic patients at risk of
sepsis via encapsulated organisms
signs of beckwith wiedman at birth
macrosomnia, macroglossia, hypoglycemia, visceromegaly, omphalocele, umbilical hernia etc
what should you do with joint aspirate fluid
culture it!!
signs of hypertensive emergency in a child
lethargy, narrowing of retinal arteries on fundoscopy, headache and dizziness
what are children with vesicouretal reflux at risk of
UTIs, chronic kidney disease
steps in evaluating hypertension in children
get a creatinine and BUN to check kidney function
signs of histo
Flulike illness: fever, weight loss, erythema nodosum, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, nonproductive cough
where do yo uget histo
missipi river valley
how do you evaluate a straddle injury
retrograde urethrography after xray
what is acrocyanosis
this is just cyanosis of the hands and feet of a neonateI
