Week 5: Small Intestines

Question 1

ID the layers and the two arrows

Answer 1

Question 2

ID

Answer 2

Celiac Disease

Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (yellow arrows) and Villous blunting (cyan ellipse)

Question 3

ID

Answer 3

Celiac Disease

Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (yellow arrows) and Villous blunting (cyan ellipse)

Question 4

ID

Answer 4

Celiac Disease

Mucosal scalloping on endoscopy

Question 5

What part of the small intestine does Celiac disease mostly affect?

Answer 5

Duodenum

Question 6

What serological test do you use to help diagnose Celiac disease?

Answer 6

tissue TransGlutaminase testing (tTG-IgG)

Question 7

What genetic mutation predisposes someone for Celiac disease?

Answer 7

HLA DQ2 and DQ8

If you have Celiac disease you can’t eat at Dairy Queen (DQ)

Question 8

Parasitic infection where patients often present with diarrhea, smelly greasy poop that can float, fatigue, bloating and dehydration.

Answer 8

Giardias/Giardia

Question 9

ID

Answer 9

Giardiasis/Giardia

“nail clipping” appearance on HE (yellow arrows)

Question 10

Causative agent of Giardia/Giardiasis

Answer 10

Giardia lamblia

Question 11

How do you acquire Giardia/Giardiasis?

Answer 11

Rivers and streams contaminated with fecal particles containing the eurkaryote

Question 12

ID

Answer 12

Giardiasis/Giardia caused by Giardia lamblia

2 Trophozoites to 1 Cyst; Trophozoites have 2 nuclie that look like eyes, so this is the trophozoite

Question 13

What part of the GI tract does Giardia primarily affect?

Answer 13

proximal small intestines, primarily the duodenum and sometimes jejunum

Question 14

ID

Answer 14

Cryptosporidiosis

Protrusion balls (yellow arrows) are indicative of Cryptosporidiosis

Question 15

What is the causative agent of Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 15

Cryptosporidium parvum

Question 16

How do you acquire Cryptosporidiosis/Cryptosporidium?

Answer 16

Recreational water sources. i.e. public swimming pools

Question 17

What part of the GI tract does Cryptosporidiosis/Cryptosporidium affect?

Answer 17

Terminal ileum

Question 18

ID

Answer 18

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Question 19

What is the “Rule of 2’s” for Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 19

2% of population
~2 feet before the colon
~2 inches long
2 years of age or earlier for symptomatic occurences

Question 20

Twisting of the bowels on itself

Like a ballon animal

Answer 20

Volvulus

Question 21

What are the two most common locations of a Volvulus?

Answer 21

Ceacum and Sigmoid colon

Question 22

ID

Answer 22

Volvulus

Question 23

occurs when intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine. This telescoping action may cause obstruction. Most common in children

Answer 23

Intussusception

Question 24

ID

Answer 24

Intussusception