Week 10: Prostate Flashcards
What is essential for diagnosis of prostate cancer
Biopsy
When is a PSA useful?
Once a diagnosis of cancer is made, serial PSA levels are very useful in assessing the response of cancer to therapy
________ arises in the central portion of the prostate gland
BPH
________ arises in the peripheral portion of the prostate gland
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
What is the main GU symptom of BPH?
Dysuria
hyperplastic nodules in the central portion frequently compress the urethra to a slit, causing symptoms of urinary obstruction
ID
Normal Prostate
ID
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
ID
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Normal tissue in the periphery (yellow ellipse)
What is the main treatment for BPH?
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
ID
BPH
ID
BPH
ID
Normal Prostate
What hormone is the ultimate mediator of prostate growth
DHT
What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?
5α-reductase (type 2)
What medications are 5α-reductase (type 2) inhibitors?
Finasteride and Dutasteride
Is BPH a premalignant condition?
NO
ID
Normal Prostate
ID
Prostatitic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN)
ID
Prostatitic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN)
An increase in ALK for prostatic adenocarcinoma is an indicator of prostatic metastasis where and why?
bony metastases since this enzyme is a marker of osteoblastic activity
ID
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
ID
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
ID
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Why is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist the appropriate treatment for a patient with a high-grade, aggressive prostate tumor
prostate cancer cells depend on trophic signals produced by the binding of dihydrotestosterone to the androgen receptor, which drives the expression of genes that maintain the growth and survival of the tumor cells. GnRH creates a negative feedback to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. This can also be accomplished by bilateral surgical orchiectomy.
