Week 5 Quizzes

Question 1

An important operating guideline in ICS is called the “span of control,” and it specifies the number of individuals that one supervisor can effectively manage during an emergency response. What is the optimal number of individuals a supervisor should manage?

a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10

Answer 1

b. 5

Question 2

True or False: Making an emergency response plan for individuals, families, and businesses is generally not strongly encouraged; rather, individuals and businesses are encouraged to rely on the assistance of trained emergency response personnel in an emergency. In addition, there are few resources available to aide families and business with making emergency response plans.

Answer 2

False: While emergency response plans for government agencies are very important, they are also very important for individuals, families, veterinary clinics, and other businesses. For example, what will you do in your business when the power goes out, what will your clients do if there is not a water supply for their chickens, what will your family do if they need to evacuate due to a flood? There are many resources to help individuals, families, and businesses identify risks and make emergency response plans, e.g. Ready.gov and Prep4AgThreats. It is always best to make plans and practice them. It is rare that someone regrets being prepared; the reverse is not always true.

Question 3

What is the role of the logistics ICS Functional area?

Answer 3

Secure equipment for the response
Set up computers

Question 4

What is the role of incident command in the ICS functional area?

Answer 4

Safety
Public Information
Liaison

Question 5

What is the role of the planning committee in the ICS functional area?

Answer 5

Prepares documents for the Incident Action Plan
Collects and evaluates information about the incident

Question 6

What is the role of the Finance/Administration division of the ICS Functional Area?

Answer 6

Monitor costs of response

Paychecks

Overtime

Question 7

What is the role of the operations committee of the ICS functional area?

Answer 7

Vaccination
Surveillance Testing
Evacuation of animals
Medical assessments

Question 8

True or False: In the United States, emergency response is planned as a bottom-up system rather than a top down system. This means the response is local and managed locally until the next level up is contacted to help rather than a Federal response getting things under control, then passing responsibility down to state, etc.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False: During a response, volunteers who are not part of a response team are strongly discouraged from showing up to help, as they tend to become part of the problem, not the solution.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The organization of the Incident Command System (ICS) is based on five major functional areas. Pick the answer with the correct list of all five functional areas.

a. Incident Command, Finance/Administration, Logistics, Communications and Planning
b. Communications, Finance/Administration, Safety, Operations and Planning
c. Incident Command, Finance/Administration, Logistics, Operations and Planning
d. Incident Command, Safety, Logistics, Operations and Planning

Answer 10

c. Incident Command, Finance/Administration, Logistics, Operations and Planning

Question 11

Which description describes the National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT)?

a. Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Disaster Medical System. Team members are private citizens, including private veterinary practitioners, who apply and get accepted into the program.
b. Teams of responders usually under the State animal health agencies or departments who are volunteers and respond to situations within their State. Roles and training requirements vary depending on the State.
c. Assist in local, State, and Federal responses by providing help with activities, such as animal decontamination, animal evacuation and transportation, animal search and rescue, disaster veterinary care, and emergency animal sheltering.
d. Locally organized animal response teams to serve as a resource for local emergency management and to assist State and Federal authorities when needed.

Answer 11

a. Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Disaster Medical System. Team members are private citizens, including private veterinary practitioners, who apply and get accepted into the program.

Question 12

Which description describes the State Animal Response Teams (SART)?

a. Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Disaster Medical System. Team members are private citizens, including private veterinary practitioners, who apply and get accepted into the program.
b. Teams of responders usually under the State animal health agencies or departments who are volunteers and respond to situations within their State. Roles and training requirements vary depending on the State.
c. Assist in local, State, and Federal responses by providing help with activities, such as animal decontamination, animal evacuation and transportation, animal search and rescue, disaster veterinary care, and emergency animal sheltering.
d. Locally organized animal response teams to serve as a resource for local emergency management and to assist State and Federal authorities when needed.

Answer 12

b. Teams of responders usually under the State animal health agencies or departments who are volunteers and respond to situations within their State. Roles and training requirements vary depending on the State.

Question 13

Which description describes the Non-governmental Response Teams?

a. Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Disaster Medical System. Team members are private citizens, including private veterinary practitioners, who apply and get accepted into the program.
b. Teams of responders usually under the State animal health agencies or departments who are volunteers and respond to situations within their State. Roles and training requirements vary depending on the State.
c. Assist in local, State, and Federal responses by providing help with activities, such as animal decontamination, animal evacuation and transportation, animal search and rescue, disaster veterinary care, and emergency animal sheltering.
d. Locally organized animal response teams to serve as a resource for local emergency management and to assist State and Federal authorities when needed.

Answer 13

c. Assist in local, State, and Federal responses by providing help with activities, such as animal decontamination, animal evacuation and transportation, animal search and rescue, disaster veterinary care, and emergency animal sheltering.

Question 14

Which description describes the County or Community Animal Response Teams (CART)?

a. Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Disaster Medical System. Team members are private citizens, including private veterinary practitioners, who apply and get accepted into the program.
b. Teams of responders usually under the State animal health agencies or departments who are volunteers and respond to situations within their State. Roles and training requirements vary depending on the State.
c. Assist in local, State, and Federal responses by providing help with activities, such as animal decontamination, animal evacuation and transportation, animal search and rescue, disaster veterinary care, and emergency animal sheltering.
d. Locally organized animal response teams to serve as a resource for local emergency management and to assist State and Federal authorities when needed.

Answer 14

d. Locally organized animal response teams to serve as a resource for local emergency management and to assist State and Federal authorities when needed.

Question 15

What kind of disasters do animal health emergency response plans need to address?

a. Natural disasters
b. Disease epidemics
c. Chemical spills
d. Terrorist attacks
e. All of the above

Answer 15

e. All of the above

Question 16

Which of these answers describe the incident command system (ICS)? (Choose the best answer)

a. Can be used for routine or planned events as well as emergencies.
b. An organizational framework that establishes job responsibilities and facilitates a smooth working response.
c. Can be scaled to very large or very small responses.
d. Has proven to be cost effective and efficient.
e. All of the above.

Answer 16

e. All of the above.

Question 17

Most veterinarians work in the following functional area of the Incident Command System (ICS):

a. Operations Section
b. Planning Section
c. Command Group
d. Finance Section
e. Logistics Task Forces

Answer 17

a. Operations Section

Question 18

What animals are considered the reservoir for influenza A viruses?

a. Domestic chickens and turkeys
b. Waterfowl and shorebirds
c. Asian backyard poultry flocks
d. Feral swine

Answer 18

b. Waterfowl and shorebirds

Question 19

True or False: The devastating 2015 HPAI outbreak in the Midwest was limited to commercial poultry operations. Backyard flocks were not affected.

Answer 19

False: The greatest impact of this outbreak was on commercial poultry (71 sites); however, backyard flocks were also affected (six sites) and lost around 5000 birds.

Question 20

How do scientists think that HPAI made its way to North America in the spring of 2015?

a. Contaminated poultry products imported from China
b. Infected migratory waterfowl migrating on the East Asia/ Australia flyway
c. Illegal exotic bird smuggling past USDA ports of entry
d. All of the above

Answer 20

b. Infected migratory waterfowl migrating on the East Asia/ Australia flyway

Question 21

True or False: The major impact of the 2015 HPAI outbreak in the United States was on the commercial poultry producers. Fortunately, because of the early detection and rapid response, other businesses were not impacted.

Answer 21

False: Thousands of poultry workers were laid off when production stopped for depopulation, and cleaning, and disinfection. Processing plants, feed mills, trucking companies, food production companies, and retail stores were all affected.

Question 22

What was one of the major challenges for the response to the 2015 HPAI outbreak in the United States?

a. The wide geographic distribution of the outbreak and coordination of teams across the country.
b. Because of the high risk for human infections, responders had to be put on prophylactic antivirals before they could help, this delayed the response time.
c. The carrier state of the disease in the wild waterfowl was a major challenge. Surveillance efforts could not adequately detect the virus due to the movement of the virus via the waterfowl.
d. Depopulation of large numbers of laying hens in cages and clean up exceeded the capabilities of the responders.

Answer 22

d. Depopulation of large numbers of laying hens in cages and clean up exceeded the capabilities of the responders.

Question 23

True or False: Canine influenza virus is a reportable disease in every state and the states must report it to USDA-APHIS.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

How are canine influenza viruses spread? (Choose the best answer)

a. Direct contact
b. Fomites
c. In situations where groups of susceptible animals are in close contact (e.g., in a kennel)
d. All of the above

Answer 24

d. All of the above

Question 25

For the outbreaks of canine influenza described in the incursion, which one mentions clinical cases of respiratory disease in cats occurring during the outbreaks?

a. The outbreaks caused by H3N8
b. The outbreaks caused by H1N1
c. The outbreaks caused by H3N2
d. The outbreaks caused by H5N1

Answer 25

c. The outbreaks caused by H3N2

Question 26

What species is thought to have first transmitted the H3N2 influenza virus to dogs in Asia?

a. Cats
b. Horses
c. Wild rodents
d. Avian species
e. Horses and avians
f. All of the above

Answer 26

d. Avian species

Question 27

What is the most likely explanation for how H3N2 canine influenza emerged in the United States?

a. It was transmitted from wild waterfowl to dogs in the Chicago area.
b. It was transmitted to dogs because of the practice of feeding raw horse meat to racing greyhounds.
c. It was transmitted directly from humans to dogs and then adapted to dogs and spread.
d. It arrived in dogs rescued and imported from Asia.

Answer 27

d. It arrived in dogs rescued and imported from Asia.

Question 28

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and virulent Newcastle’s disease (vND) can be transmitted by: (Choose the one best answer)

a. Feces and respiratory secretions
b. Insects acting as biological vectors.
c. Contaminated fomites
d. Both A and C
e. All of the above

Answer 28

d. Both A and C

Question 29

Cleaning and disinfection of virulent Newcastle’s disease (vND) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI): (Choose the best answer)

Select one:

a. Is a very difficult process because these viruses are very hardy
b. Can be accomplished with widely available disinfectants as long as organic material does not interfere
c. Is unnecessary when these viruses are contained in organic material where they will die quickly. Other surfaces must be disinfected with widely available disinfectants.
d. Can only be accomplished with a limited number of disinfectants that are specifically made for these viruses
e. A and D

Answer 29

b. Can be accomplished with widely available disinfectants as long as organic material does not interfere

Question 30

Which of the following is/are symptom(s) most often reported when APMV-1 Newcastle’s disease (ND) infects a human?

a. None; this is not a zoonotic disease.
b. Conjunctivitis
c. Mild respiratory signs
d. Potentially life-threatening illness, predominately respiratory symptoms, although diarrhea can also be seen
e. B, C, and D are all equally reported

Answer 30

b. Conjunctivitis

Question 31

True or False: If there is an outbreak of virulent Newcastle’s disease in the U.S., infected and exposed poultry will be isolated and quarantined until they have two negative tests a month apart.

Answer 31

False: All infected and exposed poultry will be euthanized. This is a foreign animal disease in the U.S. and it will be eradicated to prevent further spread.

Question 32

What would your top four differentials for a pet bird with ruffled feathers, diarrhea, mild respiratory signs and neurologic signs would be:

a. Calcium deficiency, encephalomalacia, toxicosis, and parasitism.
b. Pasteurella multocida (fowl cholera), avipixvirus (fowl px), Avibacterium paragallinarum (infectious coryza), and infectious laryngotracheitis (herpesvirus).
c. Highly pathogenic avian influenza, chlamydiosis, salmonellosis, and virulent Newcastle’s disease
d. All of the above

Answer 32

c. Highly pathogenic avian influenza, chlamydiosis, salmonellosis, and virulent Newcastle’s disease

Question 33

When handling birds with respiratory disease and/or diarrhea, good veterinary standard practices would suggest that you wear: (Choose the one best and most complete answer)

a. Gloves
b. Gown or lab coat
c. Mask
d. Protective eyewear
e. All of the above

Answer 33

e. All of the above

Question 34

True or False: Only virulent Newcastle’s disease (vND) has been seen in the U.S.; highly pathogenic avian influenza has not yet occurred in this country.

Answer 34

False: The U.S. has had outbreaks of both vND and HPAI.

Question 35

The recommended period of time to quarantine a newly purchased bird is: (Choose the best answer)

a. 7 days
b. 14 days
c. 21 days
d. 30 days

Answer 35

d. 30 days

Question 36

Diagnosis of either HPAI or vND in the US is devastating because:

a. Trade implications are costly
b. The diseases are very contagious, most infected birds become ill, and most sick birds die.
c. The diagnostic tests take so long to complete, the disease can spread before a diagnosis can be made
d. A and B
e. All of the above

Answer 36

d. A and B

Question 37

A good infection control program includes:

a. Records
b. Quarantines
c. Restricted movement and sanitation
d. Both B and C
e. All of the above

Answer 37

e. All of the above

Question 38

True or False: Even though there are border inspections, the smuggling of animals into the U.S. is not that uncommon and continues to be a real risk for foreign animal disease introductions.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

If avian influenza and virulent Newcastle disease are on your rule out list: (Choose the one best answer)

a. You should notify state and/or federal animal health authorities
b. You should notify the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).
c. You should not notify anyone until you have a diagnosis. The implications are too big if you call too soon with a suspect case.
d. You should notify Public Health because these are both zoonotic diseases and their major impact will be on human health.

Answer 39

a. You should notify state and/or federal animal health authorities

Question 40

When you perform necropsies on birds from a flock that may have highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), would multisystemic hemorrhages be consistent with this disease?

a. Yes
b. No

Answer 40

a. Yes

Question 41

Newcastle disease is caused by:

a. Virulent strains of gallid herpesvirus 2 (lymphotropic alphaherpesvirus)
b. Gallid herpesvirus 1 (alphaherpesvirus)
c. Virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1
d. Highly pathogenic strains of the avian influenza virus
e. Pasteurella multocida

Answer 41

c. Virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1

Question 42

The list of possible diagnoses in a poultry flock with acute mortality and clinical presentations ranging from no clinical signs to conjunctivitis, depression, neurologic and/or respiratory signs should include (choose the one best and most complete answer):

a. Highly pathogenic avian influenza and Newcastle disease
b. Marek’s disease and Infectious laryngotracheitis
c. Fowl cholera and management problems
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C

Answer 42

e. A, B, and C

Question 43

Which of the following avian influenza viruses are most likely to cause highly pathogenic avian influenza?

a. H5N3 and H3N2
b. H1N1 and H3N2
c. H3N5 and H1N7
d. H7N2 and H3N2
e. H5N1 and H7N7

Answer 43

e. H5N1 and H7N7

Question 44

Many of the lesions of Newcastle disease occur because the virus infects and damages:

a. Lymphoid tissues and neurons
b. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells
c. Neurons only
d. Respiratory epithelium
e. Red blood cells and platelets

Answer 44

a. Lymphoid tissues and neurons

Question 45

When you perform necropsies on birds from a flock that may have highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), would finding no significant gross lesions be consistent with this disease?

a. Yes
b. No

Answer 45

a. Yes

Question 46

Necropsy findings that would suggest Newcastle’s disease (ND) and warrant a call to the authorities include:

a. Enlarged liver and spleen
b. Hemorrhages and edema in multiple systems
c. Fluid in the brain
d. Plaques in the trachea and on the air sacs
e. Dry, compacted feces in the intestinal tract

Answer 46

b. Hemorrhages and edema in multiple systems

Question 47

After examination and necropsy of some chickens, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle’s disease (ND) are on your list of possible diagnoses. What should you do?

a. Ease the concerns of the owner and employees by telling them that although HPAI and ND are devastating to the poultry industry they do not infect people so they and their families do not need to worry.
b. Allow employees to shower out and go home to do chores for their backyard chickens.
c. Collect samples and send them to the lab ASAP. Call the lab to let them know the samples are on their way.
d. Call your State and Federal animal health authorities (State veterinarian and AVIC) and wait for their directions before there is movement off the premises. Remind the owner and employees that respiratory secretions and feces from birds may contain these viruses.
e. Suggest the owner review the biosecurity practices of the farm and ensure strict adherence to those practices until a diagnosis is made.

Answer 47

d. Call your State and Federal animal health authorities (State veterinarian and AVIC) and wait for their directions before there is movement off the premises. Remind the owner and employees that respiratory secretions and feces from birds may contain these viruses.

Question 48

In this scenario, could chickens infected with low pathogenicity avian influenza have been the source of the virus for a poultry flock with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)?

a. Yes
b. No

Answer 48

a. Yes

Question 49

In the scenario, could the dirty boots of an employee who was helping another farm with sick birds have transmitted avian influenza virus to this flock?

a. Yes
b. No

Answer 49

a. Yes

Question 50

Which of the following poultry diseases are reportable and foreign animal diseases?

a. Highly pathogenic avian influenza and infectious laryngotracheitis
b. Marek’s disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza
c. Infectious laryngotracheitis and Marek’s disease
d. Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza
e. Fowl cholera and virulent Newcastle disease

Answer 50

d. Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza

Question 51

Which of the following clinical signs is/are most consistent with highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens and turkeys?

a. Constipation and abscesses
b. Matting and loss of feathers
c. Difficulty chewing and swallowing, flaccid paralysis of the neck muscles, and generalized weakness accompanied by weight loss
d. Loss of color in the eyes, comb and wattle
e. Neurologic and respiratory signs and decreased egg production

Answer 51

e. Neurologic and respiratory signs and decreased egg production

Question 52

The owner brought a bird home from the live bird market. He used the cage he took to the live bird market to move some of his poultry. Could the virus have been introduced into the poultry flock from the cage?

a. Yes
b. No

Answer 52

a. Yes