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Case Studies IV > Week 5 Objectives > Flashcards

Week 5 Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of an animal health emergency response team a practicing veterinarian could be a part of and how would they become part of the team?

A

My example:

NVRT (national veterinary response team) - would need to apply and get accepted into the program

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2
Q

Why must veterinarians be part of a recognized emergency response team when assisting with an animal health emergency rather than just showing up to help?

A

Veterinarians should be trained and aware of the health/safety risks involved and also be able to work with the team as an organized unit
If they just show up they can cause problems or get in the way

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3
Q

Who is in the command staff of the incident command system?

A

Incident commander, liason, safety, public information

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4
Q

What sections is the general staff composed of in the incident command system?

A

planning section, operations section, finance/admin section, logistics section

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5
Q

Typically where are veterinarians working in the incident command system?

A

operations section

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6
Q

What are the three branches of the operations section?

A

disease surveillance branch, disease management branch, and disease support branch

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7
Q

What does the disease surveillance branch do?

A

mortality surveillance, diagnosis and inspection, vaccination

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8
Q

What does the disease management branch do?

A

depopulation/euthanasia, disposal, cleaning and disinfection

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9
Q

What does the disease support branch do?

A

vector control, biosecurity and disease prevention, animal movement and permits

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10
Q

What influenza A types infect birds?

A

H1-H16, N1-N9

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11
Q

What hemagglutinin types do HPAI viruses almost always have?

A

H5 or H7

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12
Q

Which HPAI subtypes played a role in the HPAI outbreak in the US?

A

H5N8, H5N1, H5N2

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13
Q

Which subtype was the main virus in the 2015 outbreak in the Midwestern US?

A

H5N2

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14
Q

Where, when, and how did the HPAI outbreak (2015) occur in the US?

A

Scientists believe that the HPAI H5N8 virus was carried to Alaska by infected migratory waterfowl migrating on the East Asia/Australia flyway

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15
Q

How is HPAI transmitted and what species are involved?

A

It is shed in feces. fecal contamination and contact leads to disease
Turkeys, chickens, and wild fowl/birds (reservoir hosts)

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16
Q

What challenges arose in responding to the 2015 HPAI outbreak?

A

The logistics of depopulating a facility, disposing of carcasses, and cleaning and disinfecting the barns were initially beyond the capabilities of industry, state, and federal responders

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17
Q

What was the economic impact of the 2015 HPAI outbreak?

A

1.2 billion dollars was spent
Thousands of poultry workers were laid off
Affiliated businesses were also affected

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18
Q

What are some positive outcomes relating to preparedness plans and efforts have resulted from the 2015 HPAI outbreak?

A

The USDA has enhanced its HPAI preparedness and response planning efforts
The USDA has also developed additional guidance documents to help producers and states prepare for HPAI viruses

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19
Q

Where did H3N2 originate? H3N8?

A

H3N2 - Asia

H3N8 - North America

20
Q

What species did H3N2 jump from to infect canines? H3N8?

A

H3N2- birds

H3N8 - equine

21
Q

What clinical signs are associated with H3N2? H3N8?

A

H3N2- mild upper respiratory disease

H3N8 - Respiratory disease that resembles kennel cough (hemorrhagic syndrome in racing greyhounds)

22
Q

When did H3N2 emerge in canines in the US? H3N8?

A

H3N2- April of 2015

H3N8 - early 1992

23
Q

What are the routes of transmission and conditions that increase risk of H3N2? H3N8?

A

H3N2/H3N8- Transmitted via respiratory secretions by direct contact or fomites; Animal shelters, kennels, and poor hygiene measures increase risk

24
Q

What are important prevention and control practices for H3N2? H3N8?

A

H3N2/H3N8- quarantine and disinfection, vaccination

25
Q

Is H3N2 zoonotic? H3N8?

A

H3N2- no

H3N8 - no

26
Q

Is H3N2 reportable? H3N8?

A

H3N2- yes, in some states

H3N8 -yes, in some states

27
Q

What avian diseases are reportable?

A

HPAI, Exotic Newcastle disease, Salmonellosis, Avian chlamydiosis, Parasitism

28
Q

What clinical signs are associated with reportable avian diseases?

A

coughing, sneezing (except parasitism), diarrhea, ataxia

29
Q

What are the potential consquenses of the smuggled bird market?

A

Possible introduction of FADs that can lead to market losses in both commercial and pet birds
If you introduce newcastle disease you can have potential human diseases
Bad for business due to quarantine

30
Q

If you have a potential FAD in a bird, what steps do you take?

A

Use proper protective equipment
Quarantine immediately
Call SAHO or AVIC
Follow SAHO/AVIC instructions

31
Q

What biosecurity practices are important to reduce disease spread?

A

Quarantine, masks/protective eyewear, gloves, lab coat/protective outerwear, boot dip, clean contact surfaces/fomites

32
Q

What is the etiology, route of transmission, and geographic distribution of Newcastle Disease?

A

Avulavirus
Direct/Indirect contact, fecal-oral, aerosol
Asia, Middle east, Africa, Central and South America, some european countries

33
Q

What clinical signs does Newcastle disease cause?

A

Dyspnea, paralyzed wings and legs, greenish watery diarrhea, conjunctivitis and subcutaneous swelling around the eye, torticollis, decreased egg production/abnormal eggs

34
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease?

A

infection and destruction of the lymphoid tissues

35
Q

What lesions are associated with Newcastle disease?

A

Eyelid edema, conjunctivits, necrohemorrhagic lesions in the GI tract, splenic necrosis, tracheal hemorrhagic lesions and congestion

36
Q

How do you treat, control, and prevent Newcastle disease?

A

Treat: depopulation
Control: disease reporting, quarantines, depopulation
Prevention: good biosecurity, vaccination

37
Q

What is the etiology, route of transmission, and geographic distribution of HPAI?

A

Influenzavirus A
Direct/Indirect contact, fecal-oral, aerosol
Its errywhere

38
Q

What clinical signs does HPAI cause?

A

Pronounced depression, decreased feed consumption, decreased egg production, cyanosis, acute death, mild to severe respiratory signs, incoordination, star-gazing, torticolis

39
Q

What is the pathogenesis of HPAI?

A

Generallym lesions can be a variety of hemorrhagic necrotic and congestive changes

40
Q

What lesions are associated with HPAI?

A

Edema and swelling of the comb, wattle, and sinuses
Cyanosis of comb and wattles
Tracheal and GI hemorrhage
Hyperemia and SQ hemorrhage of the legs
Petechial hemorrhages in fat and over heart
Hemorrhage of the proventriculus

41
Q

How do you treat, control, and prevent Newcastle disease?

A

Treatment: depopulation
Control: disease reporting
Prevention: good biosecurity, vaccination, surveillance testing

42
Q

What are the risks for introduction of ND or HPAI into a flock?

A

Sharing equipment, not adequate PPE or fomite introduction, new birds into flock

43
Q

What situation and signs would you observe in a poultry flock that would cause you to be highly suspicious of ND or HPAI?

A

high mortality over a short period, changes in egg production

44
Q

What basic biosecurity and personal protection is needed to reduce risks of spread of poultry diseases?

A

Park your truck away from the facility

Before entering, change into clean coveralls, boots, gloves, and put on a mask and protective eyewear

45
Q

What are the benefits of good risk communication?

A

reduce panic, misunderstaning, and doing more harm than good

Case Studies IV (10 decks)

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