Week 3 Objectives Flashcards
Describe wildlife-domestic animal interface
The interface between domestic animals and wildlife may be direct, but more commonly it occurs because of shared space. The interface may be a common geographic site, a common food source, and/or a common water source
How are diseases likely to be transmitted between wildlife and domestic animals?
via a common geographic site, a common food source and/or a common water source
What factors increase the occurrence of wildlife-domestic animal interfaces?
Host factors - age, immune status, and genetics
Environmental factors - temperature, humidity, and geography
Husbandry and management factors
Agent
Provide some examples of important diseases at the wildlife-domestic animal interface.
West Nile Virus, Salmonella enteritidis, Bacterial pneumonia complex, bovine tuberculosis, avian influenza
What are some potential consequences of disease transmission between wildlife and domestic animals?
Introduction and establishment of a new disease or reemergence of an old disease
Economic losses
Loss of biodiversity due to wildlife death
Establishment of disease in wildlife reservoirs
Risks to human health and safety
What management techniques are associated with prevention, control, and eradication of diseases transmitted between wildlife and domestic animals?
Containment, vaccination and vector control, test and slaughter, population management, education of the public
What is the etiology of West Nile Virus (WNV)?
flavivirus, Japanese subgroup
How is WNV transmitted?
mosquitoes
What species are affected by WNV?
Birds, horses, humans, and reptiles
What clinical signs are associated with WNV?
80% are asymptomatic, 20% are flu-like symptoms, less than 1% develop neuro signs that may die
When, how, and where did WNV enter the US in 1999?
The head of pathology at the Bronx zoo noticed crows around the zoo were dying and then birds in the zoo died
Why, despite the rapid response in 1999, the disease spread throughout the US over the next several years and is now endemic?
Mosquitos and wild birds spread it to wild reservoir hosts via migratory patterns
What are the best ways to control/prevent WNV outbreaks?
vector control, vaccination of horses and off label sensitive species, and surveillance
What additional prevention tool does veterinary medicine have that is not available for humans for WNV?
Humans do not have a vaccine
What are the identifying characteristics of Rhipicephalus microplus?
Dorsal shield and their mouthparts protrude forward when they are seen from above. They have a hexagonal basis capitulum. The spiracular plate is rounded or oval and the palps are very short, compressed, and ridged dorsally and laterally. No festoons or ornamentation
