Week 1 Quizzes

Question 1

True or False: The term exotic animal disease (EAD) in this course refers to diseases of exotic animals such as reptiles, birds, and unusual rodents.

Answer 1

False: Exotic animal disease is another term for ‘foreign animal disease,’ which is defined as a disease that is currently absent from the country

Question 2

True or False: Intensive animal production and backyard animal production are both factors that can contribute to disease emergence and reemergence.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: Based on the human population projections, the current level of food production will be able to provide enough food for the world population in 2050.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following is a false statement about the OIE?

a. It maintains a list of the most important animal diseases and distributes information about the presence or absence of these diseases in each country to its member countries
b. More than half of all countries in the world are members of the OIE.
c. It informs the government of the occurence and course of epizootics that could endanger human health.
d. It is the global international organization that makes the rules of trade between nations.
e. It is the acronym for the World Organization for Animal Health.

Answer 4

d. It is the global international organization that makes the rules of trade between nations

Question 5

True or False: Less than 50% of new emerging human infectious diseases have been vector-borne or zoonotic.

Answer 5

False - approximately 75% of emerging human infectious diseases have been vector borne and/or zoonotic

Question 6

West Nile virus causes a vector-borne zoonotic disease that emerged in the United States in 1999. The virus had previously never been isolated in the Western Hemisphere and was closely related to the virus circulating in Israel. Select the factor or factors that is/are most likely to have contributed to its introduction and emergence in the United States.

a. Climate change and environmental degradation
b. Increased aquaculture and environmental degradation
c. Increased food animal production
d. Increased human population and backyard flocks of poultry
e. Globalization (travel and trade of humans and animals)

Answer 6

e. globalization (travel and trade of humans and animals)

Question 7

What is the goal of the One Health Initiative?

a. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to eradicate all zoonotic diseases.
b. This initiative encourages physicians to study veterinary medicine and veterinarians to study human medicine.
c. This initiative promotes the health of animals. It also discourages the movement of humans into animal habitats where they might acquire new diseases.
d. This initiative enhances cooperation and collaboration between physicians, veterinarians, and other health professionals
e. In areas with limited medical care, this initiative would allow physicians to care for animals and veterinarians to provide basic care for humans if a physician is not available

Answer 7

d. This initiative enhances cooperation and collaboration between physicians, veterinarians, and other health professionals

Question 8

Which is true of the veterinarians oath?

a. Veterinarians are responsible for diagnosing human infections that result from contact with animals (zoonotic diseases)
b. Veterinarians have a responsibility to promote public health
c. Veterinarians are responsible for protecting animal health, but have no responsibility for human health.
d. Veterinarians must relieve human and animal suffering.
e. None of these are true

Answer 8

b. Veterinarians have a responsibility to promote public health.

Question 9

Define exotic animal disease.

Answer 9

A term that is synonymous with foreign animal disease. It describes a disease that is not currently found in the country but found in other places in the world.

Question 10

Define emerging disease.

Answer 10

A disease whose incidence has recently increased in an area and has the potential for significant health impacts in animals or humans.

Question 11

Define epizootic,

Answer 11

animal disease outbreak

Question 12

Define zoonotic.

Answer 12

Infectious disease that is transmitted between animals and people.

Question 13

Define transboundary diseases.

Answer 13

Highly contagious or transmissible disease and has the potential for very rapid spread irrespective of national borders, causing serious socio-economic or public health consequences. This term is used in the global setting, as nothing is technically exotic or foreign

Question 14

Veterinarians play a major role in finding a balance between the need for efficient food animal production and:

a. Conservation of the environment and animal welfare
b. Producing affordable, high-quality sources of protein
c. Providing enough meat, milk, and eggs to help feed the world
d. all of the above

Answer 14

a. Conservation of the environment and animal welfare

Question 15

True or False: There are four NVSL laboratories: three in Ames, Iowa and one at Plum Island, New York.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False: The Initial confirmation of an exotic animal disease can be done at any certified laboratory that is part of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN).

Answer 16

False - only one of the NVSLs can confirm an outbreak of a foreign animal disease

Question 17

During the recovery stage of an animal disease outbreak, activies include:

a. Payment to animal owners for euthanized livestock and destroyed materials
b. Renegotiation of international export protocols
c. Reassurance and reinforcement of consumer expectations by the federal government and industry
d. Lifting of quarantine and movement controls
e. all of the above

Answer 17

e. all of the above

Question 18

Which role is one a private veterinarian will do related to foreign animal disease in the United States?

a. Collect and submit samples to NVSL or FADDL from an index (first) case
b. Notify the OIE about a foreign animal disease outbreak
c. Enter information in the EMRS
d. Collect samples for surveillance efforts in an outbreak

Answer 18

d. collect samples for surveillance efforts in an outbreak

Question 19

If a practitioner suspects a foreign animal disease, he or she:

a. Is responsible for reporting a suspected foreign animal disease to the Area-Veterinarian-in-Charge (AVIC) or State Animal Health Official (SAHO)
b. Is responsible for submitting appropriate samples to the State Animal Health Official (SAHO), who will forward them to diagnostic laboratories
c. Is responsible for submitting appropriate samples to local diagnostic laboratories
d. Is responsible for submitting appropriate samples to national diagnostic laboratories

Answer 19

a. Is responsible for reporting a suscpected foreign animal disease to the Area-Veterinarin-in-Charge (AVIC) or State Animal Health Official (SAHO)

Question 20

The Department of Homeland Security’s Customs and Border Protection agriculture detector dogs help ensure import quarantine processes are followed by searching passengers, cargo, mail, etc. for:

a. Animal products only
b. Items that may contain harmful plant pests and animal diseases
c. Prohibited fruit, vegetables, and plants only
d. drugs

Answer 20

b. Items that may contain harmful plant pests and animal diseases

Question 21

The difference between the Area-Veterinarian-in-Charge (AVIC) and the State Animal Health Official (SAHO) is:

a. The AVIC is a federal employee who has responsibility for a state and the SAHO is a state employee with responsibility for the state
b. There is no difference; they describe the same official
c. The AVICe is responsible for animal health activities related to foreign animal diseases, while the SAHO is responsible for endemic animal diseases
d. The AVIC is a state employee responsible for an area (region/district) within a state. The AVIC works for the SAHO, who is responsible for coordinating animal health activities in the state

Answer 21

a. The AVIC is a federal employee who has responsibility for a state and the SAHO is a state employee with responsibility for the state

Question 22

The National Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN):

a. Is the OIE network of all approved testing laboratories in OIE member countries
b. Is a network of laboratories where each specializes in testing for one or two diseases.
c. Is a network of laboratories approved to perform confirmatory tests for foreign animal disease index cases
d. A network used by US animal health officials to report and track possible foreign and/or emerging animal disease investigations
e. Is a network of state and university laboratories certified by NVSL to provide support during an animal disease outbreak by testing suspect herds and these labs also conduct diagnostic tests for regulated and program diseases

Answer 22

e. Is a network of state and university laboratories certified by NVSL to provide support during an animal disease outbreak by testing suspect herds and these labs also conduct diagnostic tests for regulated and program diseases

Question 23

True or False: The important requirements and quarantine processes are the same for all animals imported into the US.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

When there is a foreign animal disease incursion confirmed in the United States, how does the OIE (Office International Des Epizooties/World Organization for Animal Health) get involved?

a. The OIE will provide the disease response framework to be followed for eradication
b. The OIE should be informed immediately by federal authorities and the OIE will then report with the outbreak to other member nations
c. Once the OIE is notified of the outbreak, the OIE will deploy a response team to help with the containment and eradication efforts
d. The OIE will place trade barriers and keep them in place until the US has eradicated the disease

Answer 24

b. The OIE should be informed immediately by federal authorities and the OIE will then report with the outbreak to other member nations

Question 25

In the United States, the primary responsibility for protection against foreign animal diseases is assigned to:

a. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
b. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
c. The United States Department of Agriculture- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS)
d. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Answer 25

c. The United States Department of Agriculture- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS)

Question 26

International trade (if it was shut down) may resume following a foreign animal disease outbreak:

a. After no new clinical cases have been identified for 30 days
b. After USDA-APHIS notifies the OIE member countries
c. After the OIE standards for disease are met
d. None of the above

Answer 26

c. After the OIE standards for disease are met

Question 27

The most critical step of a disease control program is the recognition of suspect cases and subsequent rapid reporting to state or federal authorities. The most likely group(s) to perform this step is/are:

a. State and federal veterinarians
b. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories
c. Veterinarians engaged in private practice and veterinary diagnostic laboratories
d. Foreign animal disease diagnostics (FADDs)

Answer 27

c. Veterinarians engaged in private practice and veterinary diagnostic laboratories

Question 28

A foreign animal disease diagnostician (FADD) is:

a. A veterinarian who has received special training in identification, sampling, submission, and investigation of foreign animal diseases
b. An employee of the State who has responsibilities for protection of the States animal health and well-being and works very closely with the AVIC during a foreign animal disease outbreak.
c. A USDA-APHIS-VS federal employee who works closely with the SAHO and other state and federal personnel to contain and eradicate the disease and will often establish a Unified Command with the SAHO to manage the response. Other responsibilities include animal disease surveillance, disease eradication programs, veterinary accreditation, animal health monitoring, and endorsement of health certificates in their area.
d. A veterinarian responsible for reporting any animal health issues that are highly unusual and/or suspected of being a foreign animal disease.

Answer 28

a. A veterinarian who has received special training in identification, sampling, submission, and investigation of foreign animal diseases

Question 29

The characteristic sign of foot and mouth disease is:

a. Reddening of the skin
b. Respiratory disease
c. Neurological disease
d. Vesicles and erosions

Answer 29

d. Vesicles and erosions

Question 30

The 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease in the UL did not have a significant impact on:

a. Human travel
b. Animal welfare
c. The economy
d. Humans becoming infected

Answer 30

d. Humans becoming infected

Question 31

True or False: Depopulation is always the best approach to an outbreak of FMD.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

The 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease in the UK probably originated:

a. from improperly heat-treated pig swill.
b. From a legally imported infected pig
c. From an illegally imported infected pig
d. From a legally imported pet hedgehog

Answer 32

a. from improperly heat-treated pig swill.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is the best statement regarding the 2001 FMD outbreaks?

a. The outbreak resulte in the killing of healthy animals on some uninfected farms for welfare reasons
b. The outbreak was quickly brought under control by test-and-slaughter
c. The outbreak was confined to the UK
d. Both A and C are true

Answer 33

a. The outbreak resulte in the killing of healthy animals on some uninfected farms for welfare reasons

Question 34

Comparing the FMD outbreaks in the UK and Uruguay, which statement is true?

a. The FMD outbreak in the UK lasted much longer than the outbreak in Uruguay
b. Both countries were free of FMD before the outbreak
c. The cost of the FMD outbreak in Uruguay far exceeded the cost in the UK
d. Both countries used vaccines

Answer 34

b. Both countries were free of FMD before the outbreak

Question 35

What is/are the significant challenges for vaccinating for FMD if there is an outbreak in the US?

a. Both having the appropriate vaccine strain and having enough of it available are significant challenges for plans to vaccinate if the US has an outbreak of FMD
b. Due to the vaccine stockpile, the significant challenges for vaccinating for FMD in an outbreak in teh US have been eliminated
c. Manufacturing and acquiring a large enough volume of FMD is a challenge since FMD vaccine is not manufactured in the US
d. Vaccine strain selection is a challenge because there is no cross protection namong the seven stereotypes

Answer 35

a. Both having the appropriate vaccine strain and having enough of it available are significant challenges for plans to vaccinate if the US has an outbreak of FMD

Question 36

In the 2001 outbreak of FMD in Uruguay:

a. The vaccination campaign proved to be a much more costly approach to FMD control than the slaughter eradication approach used in the UK
b. The vaccination campaign greatly reduced the number of animal required to be slaughtered to control the outbreak
c. Vaccination was stopped after all cattle recieved two doses of the vaccine
d. Cattle, sheep, and swine were all vaccinated to bring the disease under control

Answer 36

b. The vaccination campaign greatly reduced the number of animal required to be slaughtered to control the outbreak

Question 37

The depopulation response plan (tto FMD) was abandoned and the vaccination program initiated in Uruguay because:

a. There was a strong resistance from local farmers and the disease had spread
b. The veterinary officers refused to carry out the depopulation plan
c. Depopulation was never in their plan; they began vaccinating right away
d. all of the above

Answer 37

a. There was a strong resistance from local farmers and the disease had spread

Question 38

True or False: Subclinical foot and mouth infections in horses contributed to disease control problems in Uruguay.

Answer 38

False: horses cannot contract FMD

Question 39

Which of the following diseases causes periodic outbreaks in part(s) of the United States?

a. Foot and mouth disease
b. Swine vesicular disease
c. Vesicular stomatitis
d. Vesicular exanthema of swine
e. None of the above

Answer 39

c. Vesicular stomatitis

Question 40

Which of the following is least likely to cause vesicular lesions in swine?

a. Swine vesicular disease
b. Photosensitization by plants in the feed
c. Foot and mouth disease
d. Rinderpest
e. Pigs housed on concrete

Answer 40

d. Rinderpest

Question 41

Which of the following would be consistent with swine vesicular disease (SVD), the disease caused by an enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family?

a. Pigs are the only species naturally infected
b. It is often spread by feeding pigs pork scraps
c. The pigs have had contact with someone who has just returned from an endemic area
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

Answer 41

d. all of the above

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT true concerning vesicular exanthema of swine?

a. It has been eradicated from the world
b. The original reservoir may have been a marine animal
c. It is a very distinct clinically, differing from the other vesicular diseases
d. It is caused by a calicivirus
e. None of the above

Answer 42

c. It is a very distinct clinically, differing from the other vesicular diseases

Question 43

You have found vesicles on the feet of swine but the cows in an adjacent pen are not affected. Which of the following diseases is most likely?

a. Swine vesicular disease (SVD, an enterovirus) or celery in the pigs’ diet
b. Swine vesicular disease or foot and mouth disease
c. Vesicular stomatitis or foot and mouth disease
d. Trauma from standing on cement or vesicular stomatitis
e. Foot and mouth disease or vesicular exanthema of swine

Answer 43

a. Swine vesicular disease (SVD, an enterovirus) or celery in the pigs’ diet

Question 44

Insect transmission is of greatest importance for which of the following vesicular diseases?

a. Swine vesicular disease
b. Foot and mouth disease
c. Senecavirus A
d. Vesicular stomatitis
e. None of the above

Answer 44

d. Vesicular stomatitis

Question 45

You suspect that a herd of pigs has swine vesicular disease (SVD, an enterovirus). What should your next steps be?

a. Keep careful records of your observations and send blood samples to Plum Island
b. Quarantine the herd and send blood and fecal samples to a local diagnostic laboratory
c. Depopulate the herd and burn the carcasses on the premises
d. Send the herd to a commercial abattoir, specifying that the meat is not to be used for human consumption
e. Call state and federal animal health authorities for help

Answer 45

e. Call state and federal animal health authorities for help

Question 46

One of your clients who recently returned from a mission trip to The Democratic Republic of the Congo calls because he is concerned about some of his pigs that are slightly lame, and he thinks at least one of them has sores on its snout. He also has other animals, i.e. two dogs, farm cats, a couple of horses, goats, and sheep. What should you do:

a. Advise the owner to give antibiotics to the sick pigs
b. Immediately contact state and federal authorities and do not attempt to examine any animals yourself since this sounds like it could be FMD.
c. Look over all of the healthy animals on the farm first then proceed to the animals showing clinical signs
d. Ask him to watch them for a day or two and see if they get better
e. Examine the sick pigs only

Answer 46

c. Look over all of the healthy animals on the farm first then proceed to the animals showing clinical signs

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT consistent with an outbreak of a foreign animal vesicular disease?

a. Vesicles on the feet of pigs and cows
b. Vesicles on the snout of pigs but not horses
c. Pigs that are fed scraps only
d. Pigs that are fed scraps as a supplement to commercial feed
e. All of the above could be consistent with an outbreak of a foreign animal vesicular disease

Answer 47

e. All of the above could be consistent with an outbreak of a foreign animal vesicular disease

Question 48

You suspect a case of foot and mouth disease and have contacted federal authorities. They will be at the farm within an hour, but your receptionist called and told you that there is an emergency with a horse at a nearby ranch. You should:

a. Wash your boots with antiseptic and see the horse, as it is not susceptible to foot and mouth disease
b. See the horse immediately, as the foot and mouth agent cannot be spread by humans
c. See the horse but treat it with antibiotics to prevent foot and mouth disease
d. Refer the case to a colleague.

Answer 48

d. Refer the case to a colleague.

Question 49

How is senecavirus A diagnosed?

a. Serum neutralization test
b. Clinical signs
c. RT-PCR
d. ELISA test
e. Necropsy findings

Answer 49

c. RT-PCR