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Histology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases Lab > Week 5: Hypertension, Heart Failure, Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis > Flashcards

Week 5: Hypertension, Heart Failure, Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of hypertension?

A

Essential and Secondary

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2
Q

What is considered severe hypertension?

A

systolic > 200 mmHg and diastolic > 120 mmHg

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3
Q

what is the HTN the biggest risk factor for

A

atherosclerosis

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4
Q

What 5 main things can HTN cause

A

atherosclerosis
heart failure
cardiac hypertrophy
renal failure
multi-infarct dementia

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5
Q

what two things can influence BP

A

CO and PVR

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6
Q

released from the atria in response to cardiac volume expansion

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

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7
Q

released from the ventricles in response to cardiac volume expansion

A

BNP

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8
Q

ID

A

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

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9
Q

ID

A

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

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10
Q

What would the expected BP for this patient be?

A

less than 200 mmHg / 120 mmHg

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11
Q

What would the expected BP for this patient be?

A

greater than 200 mmHg / 120 mmHg

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12
Q

condition in which a heart cannot pump blood to adequately meet the metabolic demands of peripheral tissues, or can do so only at elevated filling pressures

A

Heart failure (CHF)

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13
Q

CHF is the end stage of many chronic heart disease processes which include

A

Valvular disease like aortic stenosis, HTN, post-MI heart damage, valvular dysfunction

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14
Q

Two ways hypertrophy negatively impacts the heart

A

more vulnerable to ischemia, and increased resistance to diastolic filling

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15
Q
A

Left-sided heart failure

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16
Q

Manifestations of left-sided heart failure

A

inadequate tissue perfusion, stasis of blood in left-sided chambers, pulmonary congestion

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17
Q

ID

A

heart failure (can see hemosiderin-laden macrophages, aka HF cells)

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18
Q

symptoms of left-sided heart failure

A

orthopnea, PND, dyspnea, and cough

19
Q

most common cause of right-sided heart failure

A

left-sided heart failure

20
Q

isolated right-sided heart failure is referred to as

A

cor pulmonale

21
Q

symptoms of right-sided heart failure

A

hepatosplenomegaly, pleural and pericardial effusions, ascites, pitting edema

22
Q

ID

A

nutmeg liver; hepatic congestion

23
Q

ID

A

pitting edema right-sided heart failure

24
Q

ID

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

25
Q

ID

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

26
Q

ID

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

27
Q

ID

A

dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

28
Q

What is the main cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

A

genetics

29
Q

what drug adverse effect cause dilated cardiomyopathy

A

doxorubicin

30
Q

ID

A

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

31
Q

What is the main cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

A

Autosomal dominant (AD)

32
Q

what genes are responsible for arhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

A

myosin-binding protein C or B-myosin heavy chain

33
Q

one of the most common causes of sudden, otherwise unexplained death in young adults

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

34
Q

ID

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

35
Q

ID

A

myofibril disarray and hypertrophic nuclei in HCM

36
Q

three most common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and radiation-induced fibrosis

37
Q

ID

A

Amyloidosis with “apple-green” birefringence

38
Q

what protein deposition is responsible for amyloidosis

A

transthyretin

39
Q

two infectious causes of myocarditis

A

trypanosoma cruzi and Coxsackie virus A or B

40
Q

ID

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

41
Q

ID

A

distended myofiber by Trypanosoma

42
Q

ID

A

Giant Cell Myocarditis

43
Q

What are the two causes of Myocarditis

A

Infectious causes (Trypanosoma cruzi and Coxsackie virus A or B) and Giant Cell Myocarditis

Histology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases Lab (22 decks)

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