Lab 3: Aortic Aneurysm & Dissection

Question 1

ID

Answer 1

true aneurysm

Question 2

ID

Answer 2

False aneurysm

Question 3

Occur when the structure or function of the connective tissue within the vascular wall is compromised secondary to defects in synthesis or breakdown of connective tissue (e.g. collagen, elastin)

Answer 3

aneurysm

Question 4

Aneurysm where quality of vessel wall connective tissue is poor

Answer 4

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Question 5

Aneurysm where abnormal TGF-B signaling is affected

Answer 5

Marfan and Loeys-Dietz

Question 6

Factors contributing to aneurysms

Answer 6

Ischemia and inflammation

Question 7

Two most important causes of aortic aneurysms

Answer 7

Atherosclerosis and hypertension

Question 8

results in thickening of the intima which then results in increasing the distance that oxygen and nutrients must diffuse—the overall effect is ischemia of the inner media thus weakening the vessel wall

Answer 8

Atherosclerosis

Question 9

can cause significant narrowing of arterioles of the vasa vasorum of large vessels like the aorta which decreases the blood supply to the outer media of that vessel resulting in ischemia and subsequently vessel wall weakening

Answer 9

Hypertension

Question 10

ID

Answer 10

cystic medial degeneration

Question 11

what does Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) most commonly occur as a consequence of

Answer 11

Atherosclerosis

Question 12

What diameter of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is most concerning

Answer 12

> 5 cm

Question 13

ID

Answer 13

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) that ruptured

Question 14

What is a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) most commonly associated with?

Answer 14

hypertension

Question 15

ID

Answer 15

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA)

Question 16

ID

Answer 16

1 - Thoracic Aorta
2 - Bronchi Carinii
3 - Esophagus
4 - Vagus Nerve (CNX)
5 - Left Subclavian Artery
6 - Left Common Carotid Artery
7 - Brachiocephalic Trunk
8 - Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (Vagus branch)

Question 17

ID

Answer 17

1 - Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
2 - Aortic Root
3 - Pulmonary Trunk
4 - Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
5 - Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
6 - Pulmonary Veins

Question 18

Who gets an aortic dissection?

Answer 18

Men aged 40-60 with hypertension
Younger patients with syndromic diseases affecting the aorta (i.e. Marfan’s)

Question 19

ID

Answer 19

Aortic dissection - intramural hematoma

Question 20

pericardial sac is filled with blood; this can occur if the dissection ruptures through the aorta’s adventitia and hemorrhages into adjacent spaces…like the pericardial space

Answer 20

Hemopericardium

Question 21

Clinical manifestations of Aortic Dissection

Answer 21

Cardiac Tamponade
Aortic Insufficiency

Question 22

Name 2 causes of cardiac tamponade

Answer 22

hemopericardium - blood
pericardial effusion - serous fluid

Question 23

ID

Answer 23

fibrinous/serofibrinous pericarditis

Question 24

ID

Answer 24

fibrinous pericarditis - fibrin and inflammatory cells on the left

Question 25

Common causes of fibrinous/serofibrinous pericarditis

Answer 25

MI, Dressler syndrome, Uremia, RF, and SLE

Question 26

ID

Answer 26

Purulent or suppurative pericarditis