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Histology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases Lab > Week 4: Vasculitis & Valvular Pathology > Flashcards

Week 4: Vasculitis & Valvular Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

general term for vessel wall inflammation with protean manifestations depending on the vascular bed affected

A

vasculitis

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2
Q

two mechanisms for vasculitis

A

immune-mediated inflammation
direct invasion of vascular walls by infectious pathogens

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3
Q

ID - patient is above age 50

A

Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA)

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4
Q

ID

A

Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA)

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5
Q

ID

A

Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA) - elastic lamina fragmentation

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6
Q

ID

A

Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA) - granulomatous inflammation

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7
Q

ID - patient is under age 50

A

Takayasu Arteritis

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8
Q

ID

A

Takayasu Arteritis - intimal hyperplasia with luminal narrowing

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9
Q

Symptoms of Takayasu Arteritis

A

pulseless disease because of aortic arch artery involvement

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10
Q

ID

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) - fibrinoid necrosis and thrombotic occlusion

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11
Q

what is seen in Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) with hepatitis infections

A

HBsAG-HbsAb immune complexes

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12
Q

It is an acute, febrile, usually self-limited illness of infancy and childhood associated with large- to medium-sized vessel arteritis

A

Kawasaki Disease (KD)

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13
Q

ID

A

Kawasaki Disease (KD)

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14
Q

Mechanism of Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA)

A

Autoreactive T-cells or Anti-endothelial cell antibodies

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15
Q

Age for Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA)

A

Elderly

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16
Q

Size of vessel for Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA)

A

Large vessels

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17
Q

Histopathology of Giant Cell [Temporal] arteritis (GCTA)

A

Granulomatous inflammation

18
Q

Age for Takayasu Arteritis

A

Under 50 years old and Asian ethnicity

19
Q

Size of vessel of Takayasu Arteritis

A

Large vessels

20
Q

Histopathology of Takayasu Arteritis

A

Granulomatous inflammation

21
Q

Mechanism of Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

A

Immune Complex deposition

22
Q

Size of vessels for Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

A

Medium vessels

23
Q

Histopathology of Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

A

Transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis

24
Q

Infections associated with Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

A

Hepatitis B HBsAG-HbsAb immune complexes

25
Q

Mechanism of Kawasaki Disease (KD)

A

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies

26
Q

Age for Kawasaki Disease (KD)

A

under 4 years old

27
Q

Size of vessels for Kawasaki Disease (KD)

A

Medium vessels

28
Q

Infections associated with Kawasaki Disease (KD)

A

Possible Viral infections

29
Q

Histopathology of Kawasaki Disease (KD)

A

Transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis

30
Q

valvular stenosis leads to what with the heart

A

cardiac hypertrophy because of pressure overload and the jets of blood exiting stenotic valves can injure endothelium and endocardium

31
Q

Valvular insufficiency leads to what with the heart

A

volume overload

32
Q

what condition leads to mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

33
Q

what conditions leads to aortic stenosis

A

calcification, sclerosis, and congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)

34
Q

what condition leads to aortic insufficiency

A

dilation of ascending aorta

35
Q

what condition leads to mitral insufficiency

A

myxomatous degeneration

36
Q

ID

A

aortic stenosis

37
Q

ID

A

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) - arrow points at the raphe

38
Q

what percent of a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients develop aortic stenosis

A

50%

39
Q

What is heard with Mitral Valve Prolapse (Myxomatous Degeneration of the Mitral Valve)

A

mid-systolic click

40
Q

ID

A

Mitral valve prolapse - leaflet thrombi

Histology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases Lab (22 decks)

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