Week 5: Congenital Heart Defects

Question 1

ID

Answer 1

atrial-septal defect (ASD)

Question 2

What sided shunt is ASD

Answer 2

L to R

Question 3

Embryologic basis of ASD

Answer 3

ostium secundum too large, interatrial septum development defect

Question 4

can be due to failure of the septum primum and secondum to adhere.

Answer 4

patent foramen ovale (PFO) subset of ASD

Question 5

ID

Answer 5

VSD

Question 6

What sided shunt is VSD

Answer 6

L to R

Question 7

Embryological basis of VSD

Answer 7

failure of endocardial cushions to form, abnormal membranous septum formation

Question 8

ID

Answer 8

Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)

Question 9

What sided shunt is PDA

Answer 9

L to R

Question 10

Embryological basis of VSD

Answer 10

failure of the closure of the ductus arteriosus to become the ligamentum arteriosum

Question 11

what would treat a PDA

Answer 11

prostaglandin inhibitors

Question 12

what would keep a PDA open

Answer 12

prostaglandin

Question 13

ID

Answer 13

Transposition of the great arteries/vessels

Question 14

Embryological basis of transposition of the great arteries/vessels

Answer 14

failure of the conotruncal septum to spiral

Question 15

Discuss of a patient with transposition of the great arteries/vessels

Answer 15

PDA, VSD, ASD; need a heart defect that allows mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood

Question 16

ID

Answer 16

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

Question 17

What four conditions are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

Answer 17

Pulmonary stenosis
Right Ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
Overriding aorta
VSD

Question 18

What sided shunt is Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

Answer 18

R to L

Question 19

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) can be linked to what genetic condition

Answer 19

DiGeorge syndrome (neural crest) and Trisomy 21

Question 20

cyanosis with crying/bowel movements are called

Answer 20

Tet or hypoxic spells (tell them to squat to increase TPR)

Question 21

ID

Answer 21

Truncus arteriosis

Question 22

Embryological basis of truncus arteriosus

Answer 22

failure of conotruncal ridges to form such that there is no outflow tract divisions

Question 23

ID

Answer 23

Coarction of the aorta

Question 24

Embryological basis of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 24

abnormal thickening of the aorta

Question 25

symptoms of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 25

high BP, differential cyanosis, and pulse differential in the upper and lower limbs