Week 4: Vowel Processes Flashcards
what is a vowel feature change?
when a vowel changes height, frontness, or roundness
vowel backing
vowel replaced with a more posterior vowel
vowel lowering
vowel replaced with a vowel made with lower tongue height
centralization
replacement of a vowel with a more central vowel
vowel surrounding
vowel that is normally rounded is produced without rounding
complexity changes
changes in the diphthongal nature of vowels
diphthongization: a monothong is produced as a diphthong /a/ > /ai/
diphthong reduction: a diphthong is produced as a monothong /ai/ > /a/
vowel harmony
complete harmony: one vowel is changes so that both vowels are the same
tenseness harmony: lax vowel is more tense so that it matches the other vowel
height vowel harmony: when vowel is replaced with a vowel closer to height of another vowel
consonant-vowel harmony: vowel changes due to neighboring consonant
derhoticization
loss of /r/ coloring in consonants and vowels
ex.
/ɚ/ > [ə]
/bɝd/ > [bəd]
or reduction
ex. /ɔɚ/ > [a] or [ʌ]
when is an error a process?
once the occurrence of a sound change does not signify the presence of a process
specific errors must have an opportunity to occur at least 4 instances
error must occur in at least 20% of the items that could be affected by the process
how do you calculate the use of a process
- count the number of words with FCD in the sample = denominator
- count the number of times a final cons was deleted = numerator
- [ # of final consonants deleted]/ [# of words with final consonants] x 100
process density index
the average number of process applications per word
can contribute to judgments of severity
calculate PDI as:
# of phonological processes in a sample / total # of words in a sample
PCC and PDI have a _____________ relationship
inverse; PCC is correct productions, PDI is incorrect productions
