Week 1: SSD Classifications Flashcards
speech sound disorder (SSD)
occurs when speech intelligibility is influenced by:
- problems in speech perception
- motoric productions of speech sound
- phonological representation of speech sounds and speech sound combos
SSD can result from
sensory impairment (hearing loss) structural impairment (cleft palate) motor impairment (apraxia and dysphagia) syndrome or condition (down syndrome) phonological impairment
speech subsystems
articulatory, resonatory, phonatory, respiratory
organic impairment definition
the cause of the articulation difficulty is related to a neurological disturbance, structural deformity, and or other physical problems
functional impairment
the case of the differences in speech development from normally developing children cannot be determined
organic impairment etiologies
perceptual (sensory)
structural
motor
perceptual factors: hearing loss types
conductive: malformation, obstruction in outer ear, ear canal, tympanic membrane, or middle ear, otitis
sensorimotor: congenital (at birth) or acquired, prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal
effects of sensorineural hearing loss on speech
substitutions in voicing nasalization omission of fricatives distortions related to resonance, vowel imprecision additional of vowel between consonants
minor vs. major structural impairments
minor: malocclusion, missing dentition, tongue issues
major: cleft palate, craniofacial anomalities
structural impairment impact on speech:
can range from mild to severe
obligatory errors: nasal emission, reduced intraoral air pressure, phoneme distortions
compensatory errors: learned deviant patterns persist after surgery but are amenable to treatment
motor impairement: dysarthria
neuromuscular impairment resulting in a speech disorder
flaccid, spastic, ataxic
motor impairment: apraxia of speech
children who demonstrate impairments in speech that do not have neuromotor signs
inconsistent errors
disrupted articulatory transitions
inappropriate prosody
characteristics of CAS
articulatory groping errors in ordering of sounds, syllables and morphemes vowel errors timing errors omissions distortions atypical errors reduced phonetic inventory errors increase with length and complexity slow progress in tx
phonological delay vs. disorder
delay = continued use of phonological processes seen in typical speech development disorder = use of processes that are not typically seen in speech development
phonetic vs. phonological
phonetics: physiological and physical characteristics of speech sounds (articulation)
phonetic errors include changes in speech sound production in terms of manner, place, and voicing
phonology: organization and function (meanings) of speech sounds
phonological errors describe how sound classes change with production rules, and how sounds are used with contrast
