Week 1: Place, Manner and Voicing Characteristics of Consonants

Question 1

Manner of articulation consonant categories:

Answer 1

stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, glide, lateral, rhotic

Question 2

Place of articulation locations:

Answer 2

bilabial, labiodental, linguadental, linguaalveolar, linguapalatal, linguavelar, glottal

Question 3

voiceless phonemes

Answer 3

produced with the vocal folds open so they do not vibrate during production of a sound

Question 4

voiced phonemes

Answer 4

produced with the vocal folds approximated so they vibrate and produce noise or voicing

Question 5

what are consonant cognates?

Answer 5

this is when two consonants differ with respect to only voicing; place and manner features are identical
e.g. /b p/, /s z/, /ʧ, ʤ/

Question 6

consonant positioning within a word

Answer 6

initial position, medial position, final position

Question 7

consonant position within a syllable

Answer 7

SIWI: syllable initial word initial
SIWW: syllable initial word within
SFWF: syllable final word final
SFWW: syllable final word within

Question 8

consonant position in relation to vowels

Answer 8

prevocalic: before a vowel
postvocalic: after a vowel
intervocalic: between vowels

Question 9

major class features of sound

Answer 9

consonant, vowel, obstruent and sonorant

Question 10

syllabic

Answer 10

form the nucleus of a syllable (vowels, the only possibly syllabic consonants are liquids and nasals)

Question 11

consonantal

Answer 11

sounds produced with a narrow constriction in vocal tract (all consonants except glides)

Question 12

sonorant

Answer 12

vocal tract configuration allows for spontaneous voicing (vowels, glides, liquids, nasals)

Question 13

major place features

Answer 13

labial, coronal, dorsal

Question 14

labial

Answer 14

[+round] protrusion of lips with narrowing at the corners of mouth
[+labiodental] made with only one lip

Question 15

coronal

Answer 15

[+anterior] at alveolar ridge or farther forward

Question 16

dorsal

Answer 16

[+back] back of tongue raised or lowered
[+high] tongue body is raised
[+low] tongue body is lowered

Question 17

distinctive features: consonantal and vocalic

Answer 17

consonantal refers to restriction in vocal tract

vocalic do not have constrictions

Question 18

distinctive features: continuant and interrupted

Answer 18

continuant refers to sounds that can be maintained in a steady state
interrupted sounds have complete blockage of the airstream during part of the articulation

Question 19

distinctive features: strident

Answer 19

refers to sounds in which noise is produced by forcing the airstream through a small opening, resulting in the production of intense noise
e.g. /f, v, s, z/

Question 20

distinctive features: coronal

Answer 20

refers to sounds made with the tongue blade raised above the neutral position for schwa
e.g. /z/

Question 21

distinctive features: round

Answer 21

sounds made with lips rounded or protruded

Question 22

distinctive features: tense

Answer 22

sounds made with a relatively greater degree of muscle tension or contraction at the root of the tongue

Question 23

distinctive features that describe vowels

Answer 23

class features (sonorant and vocalic), cavity features (high, low, back, rounded), manner or articulation (tense and lax)