Week 2: Principles of Assessment

Question 1

screening

Answer 1

does a problem exsist?

Question 2

comprehensive assessment

Answer 2

when a child fails screening; formal and informal
important considerations:
a. very young child no babbling, unusual sounds
b. child already diagnosed, is this diagnosis appropriate

Question 3

components of the assessment

Answer 3

case history/interview
hearing screening
oral motor exam
single-word articulation test
speech sample
dynamic assessment
stimulability testing

Question 4

objectives of comp. assessment

Answer 4

whether problem exsists
etiology of problem
presence of maintaining factors
need for treatment
goals for remediation

Question 5

interview components

Answer 5

reason for referral
child/parent description of the problem
birth history
developmental history
medical history
family history
educational history
vocational history (adult)
current status
parent/child/teacher concerns
child’s preference
second language/cultural differences

Question 6

oral peripheral examination purpose

Answer 6

to examine oral structures and differentiate between problems involving structure and function

• facial appearance
• nose
• jaw
• lips
• tongue
• dentition
• hard palate
• soft palate
• uvula

Question 7

standardized speech assessment advantages

Answer 7

administration, time, information provided all solidified

Question 8

standardized speech assessment disadvantages

Answer 8

context examined may not match your client
for specific populations, no flexibility
judgments made on small sample sizes
some children have a hard time with testing

Question 9

standardized scores

Answer 9

distance score is from average score of test group (in SD units)

Question 10

percentile score

Answer 10

a percentile score is given a relative ranking
indicates the percentage of subjects in the standardization sample who earned either same or lower score
ex. 50th percentile
50% scores higher and 50% scores lower

Question 11

z score

Answer 11

used to determine the difference between any score and the mean of the group
computed by dividing the difference between a score and the group mean by the standard deviation

Question 12

confidence interval

Answer 12

since the obtained score is an estimate, it is expected to vary from one task to another
margin or error - score is not precise so the CI is our guess of margin of error

Question 13

why is speech sampling important?

Answer 13

there are more errors in connected speech than in single words
sample a variety of speech sounds that the child is using
errors produced in the connected speech may be produced differently at the word level
consider phonological processes

Question 14

how to obtain naturalisitic speech sample?

Answer 14

ask parents about child’s interested and common uses of speech
choose toys and objects that the child will like
avoid asking a lot of questions

structure activities to target different contexts

examine the child’s speech during interactions with parents, siblings, etc.

Question 15

how to record the sample?

Answer 15

audio recordings

video recordings

selecting the appropriate environment for recording

online transcription on the spot

Question 16

disadvantages of speech sample

Answer 16

some children are unintelligable

some children may be reluctant to engage in conversation with examiner

Question 17

what is stimulability testing?

Answer 17

examining whether the child can accurately produce a misarticulated sound

• examine the sounds produced in eror
• instruct the child to produce the sound in a context that increases the length
  
  • use cuing if necessary

Question 18

dynamic assessment

Answer 18

an active process when clinician examine the child’s speech production skills, provides input to facilitate accurate production, and assesses child’s response to input.

• examine child’s response to cuing
• encourage child to produce more complex structures
• tax the system

Question 19

how do we tax the system?

Answer 19

increase syllable number

increase phonetic complexity (place, manner, voicing)

increase cognitive load

Question 20

why do we tax the system?

Answer 20

to uncover patterns not evident during other testing

to identify the level of breakdown

to examine strategies child uses to improve speech