Week 4 SBL Learning Issues Flashcards
1
Q
What causes a bovine cough?
A
- Unable to close glottis (e.g. vagus damage)
- Leads to weak sounding coughs
2
Q
What are the lumbar puncture findings of multiple sclerosis?
A
- Raised white blood cells
- Neurofilaments
- Oligoclonal bands: two or more bands of IgG antibodies shown on electrophoresis
3
Q
Describe the pathophysiology of open angle glaucoma
A
- Usually, aqueous humour drains from the anterior segment of the eye through the trabecular meshwork (at the join between the iris and cornea)
- In open angle glaucoma, this happens to slowly,. causing pressure buildup in the eye that damages the optic nerve
4
Q
List some painless causes of vision loss
A
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Retinal detachment
- Central retinal artery/vein occlusion
- Cataracts
- Vitreous haemorrhage
5
Q
List some painful causes of vision loss
A
- Optic neuritis
- Conjunctivitis
- Migraine
- Glaucoma
6
Q
Outline the McDonald criteria for MS diagnosis
A
- Two or more lesions, disseminated in space and time
- Corresponding signs and symptoms
- Can be diagnosed in one go if MRI shows multiple lesions at different stages of progression
- Oligoclonal bands on LP
7
Q
What investigations are indicated for MS?
A
- MRI of brain and spinal cord
- Lumbar puncture (oligoconal bands)
- Blood test
8
Q
How, specifically, are acute relapses of MS usually treated?
A
- Corticosteroids
- IV methylprednisolone
- ACTH can be used instead (why?)