H&S

Question 1

What is the role of infectious disease surveillance?

Answer 1

• Describe the current epidemiology of a condition
• Monitor trends
• Identify trends

Question 2

Describe the three aspects of descriptive epidemiology

Answer 2

(Same as neuro orientation)
Time: When? Seasonal? Clustered, or consistent level of diagnoses?
Place: Where? Specific countries? Global?
Person: Gender? Age? Risk factors/common threads?

Question 3

What is the name of the set of criteria that must be met in order for a notifiable disease to be present (and therefore reported)

Answer 3

Case definition

Question 4

What are the challenges that Australia and other countries face in health surveillance?

Answer 4

• Data from many sources (complex management)
• Uneven distribution of computing technology
• Reporting burden (takes lots of time; may not be able to be reported on time)
• Lack/complexity/changing of case definitions

Question 5

Indigenous Health Social Determinants

Answer 5

• Income
• Education
• Housing

Question 6

Indigenous Health Cultural Determinants

Answer 6

• Disconnect from traditional way of life
• Loss of identity
• Loss of kinship and community

Question 7

Indigenous Health Enablers

Answer 7

• Transport
• Subsidies for drugs
• Translators/interpreters, where possible

Question 8

Indigenous Health Barriers

Answer 8

• Fear of racism
• Generational trauma
• Bad past experiences (or those of family)

Question 9

Upstream causes of lead exposure

Answer 9

• Lead paint
• Close proximity to mining/smelting

Question 10

What are downstream effects of lead exposure

Answer 10

• Decreased IQ
• Learning difficulties
• Stunted growth
• Weight loss
• Hearing loss

Question 11

What are the components of the chronic care model?

Answer 11

• The community
• The health system
• Self-management support
• Delivery system design
• Decision support
• Clinical information systems

Question 12

Why are falls so harmful on a public health level? What kind of injuries can be sustained?

Answer 12

• Higher rate of injury death than suicides (Sarah…)
• Fractures, open wounds, and intracranial injuries are most common

Question 13

Falls are the leading cause of injury among which two age groups? Why is this a problem?

Answer 13

• Older people (65+)
• Younger people (0-14)

This is a problem as the population begins to age.

Question 14

Which social factors predispose people to falls?

Answer 14

• Being indigenous
• Living in rural areas
• Female gender

Question 15

What is the leading cause of burden of injury based on Disability Adjusted Life Years for people 65+?

Answer 15

Falls

Question 16

What is an evidence-based method of fall prevention?

Answer 16

Exercise programs to improve balance, coordination, etc.

Question 17

What are the two components of the Tinetti fall risk test?

Answer 17

Balance and gait. (Tinetti = Two)

Question 18

What does the BERG test measure for?

Answer 18

Balance. (B = BERG = Balance)

Question 19

Risk factors for osteoarthritis

Answer 19

• Age
• Obesity
• Prior joint injury
• Occupational risk factors

Question 20

Describe the cumulative complexity model as it relates to osteoarthritis

Answer 20

• A model that analyses each patient’s complexity as a balance between the workload and capacity of a patient
• Such a balance can determine the rate of progression of osteoarthritis, and can inform risk tolerance, treatment options etc.