Week 3 Learning Outcomes Flashcards
Identify and describe the functions of the skeletal system
The internal frame of the body, includes bones, cartilage and joints
Essential for protecting organs, producing blood cells (hematopoiesis), storing essential minerals, anchoring skeletal muscles
Compact Bone
Hard bone made up of a hard calcified matrix arranged in layers.
Haversian canal systems brings in blood supply
Spongy Bone
Lighter bone, consists of plates and bares with irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow
Plates are called trabeculae, look like scaffold apparatus canaliculi connect to adjacent cavities and bring in blood supply
Name the four main classifications of bone according to shape.
Long bone
Flat bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Long Bone Gross Anatomy: Epiphysis
Ends of long bones, made up of spongy bone
Long Bone Gross Anatomy: Diaphysis
Shaft of the bone, has cartilage outside of it to protect them when forming joints
Long Bone Gross Anatomy: Periosteum
Where the blood supply originates
Long Bone Gross Anatomy: Medullary Cavity
Stores yellow bone marrow, the body can rely on fat in the bone marrow to provide nutrition when the body is deprived as a last resort
Long Bone Gross Anatomy: Epiphyseal line
Where the bone used to grow
Compact Bone Microscopic Structure: Osteon
Rotate together to prevent bones from twisting
Compact Bone Microscopic Structure: Lamella
Layers of bone matrix that make up osteons, lots of collagen
Compact Bone Microscopic Structure: Lacuna
Little cavities in lamella, contain osteosites, monitors little fractures and damage caused to the bone by any weight carrying, lays the foundation to lay down new bone
Compact Bone Microscopic Structure: Canaliculi
little canals in Lacuna that connects the lacuna and lamella to the central canal of the osteon
Compact Bone Microscopic Structure: Central canal
Where the blood vessels and nerves are located down the middle
Compact Bone Microscopic Structure: Perforating canals
connects centre of osteons to the outside of the bone and to each other
Compact Bone Microscopic Structure: Periosteum
Where the blood supply originates
Bone Marking: Tuberosity
Large, rounded projection; may be roughened
Bone Marking: Crest
Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
Bone Marking: Trochanter
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only example is on the femur)
Bone Marking: Line
Narrow ridge of bone; smaller than a crest
Bone Marking: Tubercle
Small rounded projection or process
Bone Marking: Epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle
Bone Marking: Spine
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Bone Marking: Process
Any bony prominence
Bone Marking: Head
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Bone Marking: Facet
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Bone Marking: Condyle
rounded articular projection
Bone Marking: Ramus
Armlike bar of bone
Bone Marking: Groove
Furrow
Bone Marking: Fissure
Narrow, Slitlike opening
Bone Marking: Foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone
Bone Marking: Notch
Indentation at the edge of a structure
Bone Marking: Meatus
Canal- or tunnel-like passageway
Bone Marking: Sinus
Cavity within bone filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Bone Marking: Fossa
Shallow, basinlike depression in bone, often serving as an articular surface
Depressions and openings (for passage of blood vessels and nerves)
Groove
Fissure
Foramen
Notch
Projections that help to form joints
Head
Facet
Condyle
Ramus
Sites of muscle and ligament attachment
Tuberosity
Crest
Trochanter
Line
Tubercle
Epicondyle
Spine
Process
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells, builds bone matrix, takes calcium out of blood
Osteoclasts
Break down/liquify bone matrix, takes calcium to be released from bone into blood
