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ANAT 113 > The Heart pt. 2 > Flashcards

The Heart pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in a minute

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2
Q

Cardiac output formula

A

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = CO

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3
Q

Factors of Heart Rate

A

Neural (ANS) control - Sympathetic divison increases it, Parasympathetic division slows it
Hormones and Ions - epinephrine + thyroxine increases
Physical Factors - Age, gender, body temp

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4
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The volume of blood pumped out left ventricle, 70 ml blood per heartbeat

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5
Q

Stroke Volume factors

A

Preload - how much cardiac muscle cells are stretched before contracting
Contractibility - ability of cardiac muscles to generate tension
Afterload - amount of pressure ventricles must overcome to eject

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6
Q

Blood Vessels: Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart, all oxygenated (except pulmonary trunk/arteries). Thick walls, Aorta is the largest

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7
Q

Blood Vessels: Arterioles

A

Feeds the capillary beds

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8
Q

Blood Vessels: Capillary Beds

A

In tissues, connects small arterioles to small venules

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9
Q

Blood Vessels: Venules

A

Drain capillary beds

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10
Q

Blood Vessels: Veins

A

Drains tissues and returns blood to heart, all are deoxygenated except pulmonary veins. Thin walla

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11
Q

Blood Vessels: Great veins

A

Superior and inferior vena cava, entering the right atrium

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12
Q

Which arteries supply the Cerebrum

A

Internal carotid arteries divide into anterior cerebral artery + the middle cerebral artery to supply cerebrum

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13
Q

Which arteries supply the Brain stem and cerebellum

A

Paired vertebral arteries that form basilar artery

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14
Q

Which arteries supply the posterior part of cerebrum

A

Basilar artery divides to form posterior cerebral arteries

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15
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

Anterior and posterior blood supplies unite by small arterial branches, forming circle of willis.

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16
Q

What is the Hepatic Portal Circulation

A

Drains venous blood from digestive organs, delivers nutrient rich blood to liver through hepatic portal vein

17
Q

How does the Hepatic Portal Circulation help the liver

A

Allows liver to process substances before reaching system circulation, liver will detoxify blood of any drugs and will remove nutrients to store and later release into blood

18
Q

What is arterial Pulse

A

The pressure wave in arterial system caused by alternating expansion and recoil of an artery with each left ventricle contraction

19
Q

Average pulse rate

A

70-76 bpm

20
Q

What is blood pressure

A

The pressure that blood exerts against inner walls of blood vessels, is the force that keeps blood circulating continuously.

21
Q

How to measure blood pressure

A

Systolic blood pressure - pressure in arteries at peak ventricle contraction (top #)
Diastolic blood pressure - pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing (bottom #)
Eg. 120/80 mmHg

22
Q

What is hypotension

A

A systolic blood pressure below 100 mmHG

23
Q

What is hypertension

A

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure of 140/90 or higher

24
Q

Normal blood pressure rates

A

110-140 systolic, 75-80 diastolic

25
Q

First step of capillary exchange of gases + Nutrients

A

Direct diffusion through the plasma membrane
Lipid- soluable substances + gases diffuse directly though the capillary wall

26
Q

Second step of capillary exchange od gases + Nutrients

A

Diffusion through intercellular clefts (gaps between cells)

27
Q

Third step of capillary exchange od gases + Nutrients

A

Diffusion through pores
Fenestrated capillaries (capillaries w pores) allow free passage of small solutes and fluids. Found where absorption occurs

28
Q

Fourth step of capillary exchange od gases + Nutrients

A

Transport via vesicles
Some lipid-insoluble substances may enter or leave the blood

ANAT 113 (18 decks)

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