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ANAT 113 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Covering Layers (Superficial to Deep)

A

Outer fibrous Layer
Parietal Pericardium
Visceral perocardium

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2
Q

Heart Wall Layers

A

Epicardium
Myocardium - Thick bundles of cardiac muscle
Endocardium - thin sheet of endothelial tissue

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3
Q

What are the 4 Heart chambers

A

Atria - Right atrium, Left atrium
Ventricles - Right ventricle, left ventricle

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4
Q

What is the right atrium filled by?

A

The superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

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5
Q

What is the left atrium filled by

A

4 pulmonary veins

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6
Q

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to

A

The pulmonary circuit (to become oxygenated)
- Makes up most of anterior heart surface

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7
Q

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to

A

The systemic circuit (to nourish all body tissue and organs
- Forms apex of heart

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8
Q

What are the 4 heart valves

A

Atrioventricular Valves (AV) - Right and Left
Semilunar Valves - Pulmonary and Aortic

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9
Q

Right AV valve function

A

Tricuspid Valve, prevents backflow into the right atrium

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10
Q

Left AV valve function

A

Bicuspid/Mitral valve, prevents backflow into left atrium

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11
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar valve function

A

Exit valve for the right ventricle, at the base of the pulmonary artery

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12
Q

Aortic semilunar valve function

A

Exit valve for the left ventricle, at the base of the aorta

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13
Q

When are the AV valves open/closed?

A

AV valves are open during ventricular relaxation and closed during contractions

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14
Q

When are semilunar valves open/closed

A

They are open during contractions and closed during ventricular relaxation

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15
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

The pulmonary circuit receives oxygen-poor blood from the body veins, brings it to the lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart. Operates on the right side of the heart

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16
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

Systemic circuit takes oxygen and nutrient-rich blood and supplies all organs and body tissues. Operates on the left side of the heart, has thicker walls and a stronger pump.

17
Q

What is the Myocardium’s blood supply?

A

Left and right coronary arteries supply myocardium with blood. They branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart in coronary sulcus at the atria and ventricle junction.

18
Q

Function of the Intrinsic Conduction System

A

Sets basic rhythm of the heart muscle’s contractions. Causes depolarization in one direction from atria to ventricles, sets contraction rate of approx. 75 bpm

19
Q

Intrinsic Conduction System Components

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Right + Left bundle branches
Purkinje Fibers

20
Q

Where is the SA node found

A

In the right atrium, the heart’s peacemaker

21
Q

Where is the AV node found

A

Atria and Ventricle junction

22
Q

Where are the right and left bundle branches found

A

Interventricular septum

23
Q

Where are the Purkinje fibers found

A

Spread within the walls of the ventricles

24
Q

Intrinsic Conduction Impulse Pathway

A

Depolarization starts at SA node
Impulse spreads through atria to AV node
atrial contraction
Impulse delayed at AV node to allow contraction to finish
Passes through AV bundle, bundle branches and purkinje fibers
Ventricle contraction occurs
Blood is then pumped into pulomary and systemic circuit

25
Q

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle

A

1) Atrial Diastole (ventricular filling)
2) Atrial Systole
3) Isovolumetric contraction
4) Ventricular Systole
5) Ventricular Diastole

26
Q

Atrial Diastole (ventricular filling)

A

Blood is passively filling into and through the atria into ventricles, AV valves open, semilunar closed, Atria and Ventricles in relaxation

27
Q

Atrial Systole

A

Atrial contraction occurs, any blood left is atria is forced into ventricles, AV valves open, Semilunar closed

28
Q

Isovolumetric contraction

A

AV valves close to prevent backflow, produces 1st heart sound ‘lub’. Atrial systole ends and Ventricular systole begins

29
Q

Ventricular Systole

A

Ventricles contract, semilunar valves are open and blood is ejected from the ventricles

30
Q

Ventricular Diastole

A

Semilunar valves close to prevent backflow, causing 2nd heart sound ‘dub’. Pressure inside ventricles falls below pressure in major arteries.

ANAT 113 (18 decks)

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